Time orientation and construal level: effects on eating and exercising behaviour and preferences

Eating and exercising behaviour are both characterized by immediate and future consequences. Consequently, consideration of these consequences (i.e. time orientation) predicts eating and exercising behaviour. We investigate whether construal level acts as an underlying mechanism of these relations. Students (N = 101) completed measures of consideration of immediate and future consequences (i.e. CFC‐food and CFC‐exercise), construal level, eating and exercising behaviour and preferences. For self‐reported eating and exercising behaviour, only direct effects of consideration of immediate and future consequences were found. For eating preferences, however, there was evidence of an indirect effect through construal level. A stronger tendency to consider future consequences led to a stronger preference for utilitarian (as compared with hedonic) food products through a more abstract construal level. All in all, construal level partially explains the differential relations between consideration of immediate and future consequences and eating and exercising behaviour and preferences.     

Load profiles and flexibility in operation of washing machines and dishwashers in Europe

While the energy generation system is changing towards the use of more renewable energies, the problem of how to deal with fluctuating energy supply is increasing. Smart appliances in households are often referenced as one possible solution, as their operation may be shifted in time and, thus, used to balance an unstable energy supply. The potential of such appliances has been studied to date mainly in pilot installations with a very limited number of participants or by making assumptions on what might be possible. With this work, a semi‐representative approach for 12 European countries was used to assess actual consumer habits for the use of washing machines and dishwashers which then could be used to calculate average load profiles for those appliances depending on the time of the day. Using these profiles, it is strait forward to calculate how much load may be shifted by those appliances in a demand response application. This allows aggregators or energy utilities to assign clear financial benefits to the shifting potential of those appliances. Consumers use the shifting of appliance operation already today for various reasons. Investigating these reasons allows to learn already a lot about the flexibility of consumers.     

Sodium content in foods: Brazilian consumers’ opinions,subjective knowledge and purchase intent

This study attempted to gain insights on Brazilian consumers’ subjective knowledge of sodium content in processed and homemade foods and their purchase intent for products with reduced‐sodium content. A questionnaire was distributed to 409 consumers selected by convenience quota sampling. We found that Brazilian consumers were concerned about the amount of salt (sodium chloride) in the products they consumed, regardless of educational levels, income, age, lifestyles, or health conditions. However, they still considered their consumption to be above WHO‐recommended limits and had little subjective knowledge about the term ‘sodium’. While processed products were considered the main contributors of high‐sodium intake, participants were not concerned about addition of salt at the table and salt in homemade food. The majority of respondents rarely read the sodium content on food labels; however, men and older individuals were more likely to read label information on sodium content. Products with reduced sodium were found to have market appeal, which justifies investments in research to develop these products. Therefore, in addition to the efforts to reduce sodium in the processed‐food industry, it is necessary to promote awareness about the importance of food labelling, especially sodium content, and the need to reduce salt in homemade food and additions during meals.     

Cultural Consonance in Leisure,Leisure Satisfaction,Life Satisfaction,and Self-Rated Health in Urban Taiwan

The purpose of this study threefold: to determine whether a shared cultural model of the importance of a set of leisure activities to a good leisure life existed in urban Taiwan, the degree to which cultural consonance in leisure mediates the relationship between leisure constraints and leisure satisfaction, and the degree to which leisure satisfaction affects life satisfaction and self-rated health. Results indicate that a cultural model of the importance of leisure activities to a good leisure life existed among sample members. Second, higher levels of self-reported participation in leisure activities that are culturally agreed upon as more important for a good leisure life are more strongly associated with leisure satisfaction than are activities culturally agreed upon as less important. Finally, leisure satisfaction strongly predicts both life satisfaction and self-rated health.     

马铃薯保健面包制备工艺优化及品质分析

以马铃薯雪花全粉、鸡油菌多糖溶液、高筋面粉为主要原料制备马铃薯保健面包,优化了马铃薯保健面包的制备工艺条件,并以普通马铃薯面包为对照,分析了二者质构参数、保水性、膳食纤维和蛋白质含量的差异.结果表明,马铃薯保健面包的最佳工艺条件为鸡油菌多糖溶液添加量15％,发酵时间2.0 h,烘烤温度200℃,烘烤时间21 min;马...     

城乡基本公共卫生服务均等化:经验观照与下一步

推进基本公共卫生服务均等化,是建设服务型政府的必然要求,也是维护社会公平正义、确保社会稳定和健康发展的必然选择。经过多年的发展,日本形成了一整套符合自身国情的公共卫生设施建设管理体制和政策体系,其在基本公共卫生服务均等化方面的一些做法值得借鉴。推进我国城乡基本公共卫生服务均等化,应构建公私医疗卫生机构在基本公共卫生服务供给中的合作治理机制,健全基本公共卫生服务均等化的制度保障体系,确保基本公共卫生服务均等化的财力投入长效稳定化,加快公共卫生服务人力资源建设,搭建城乡统筹的基本公共卫生服务信息管理系统。     

It's not what you know but who you know that's important: the influence of social networks on communities

Since its conception in 1945, the UK National Health Service (NHS) has been the focus of extensive political rhetoric regarding the involvement of patients and the public in the provision of health‐care services both locally and nationally. However, achieving substantial user involvement within local communities has proven to be a complex task. The exploratory research presented in this paper investigates the influence of social networks within local communities and its relevance for user involvement. Four main findings emerged: interviewees have strong informal social networks; there is a strong sense of generalized reciprocity; diversity is limited within the social groupings; and there exists a lack of trust in governmental institutions. With regards to health issues, there is an overriding feeling that ‘things like that should be left to the people who know’. If user involvement is to be achieved at the level envisioned by the UK government, achieving a greater relevance for users is essential.     

关于研究所职业卫生管理工作的探讨——建立标准化的职业卫生管理系统

国家对企业承担职业健康安全管理的主体责任提出了新的、更高的要求,职业病的防治成了安全管理的重要板块.本文借鉴质量体系、职业健康安全管理体系、安全标准化的管理模式,寻求建立一套完整有效、持续改进的标准化职业卫生管理系统.     

心理电影赏析：大学生心理健康教育的新途径

心理电影借助电影这一载体普及心理健康知识,能够给大学生带来生活的启发和感悟,帮助他们学会自我心理调适,从而以和谐健康的心态面对美丽的人生。心理学影片赏析是对心理学电影在专业维度上的心理学探讨,不仅能展现心理学的奇特魅力,探寻人类心灵深处的奥秘,更能让大学生在获得知识和思索自身的同时,满足视觉享受,放松心灵。大学应该开设心理电影赏析课,精心选择适宜的影片,并有针对性地进行解析。