探析高职院校大学生心理健康教育的现状与对策

高职教育的发展历史比较短暂,心理健康教育尚处于探索阶段。在高职教育中加强学生的心理健康教育工作,不仅是促进高职教育健康发展的需要,也是高职大学生提高自身素质的需要。     

试论加强民办高校大学生心理健康教育的现实意义

民办高校的大学生不论从自信心还是承受力上都表现出弱势,面对激烈竞争的社会环境、生活环境、学习环境,易产生困惑、焦虑、抑郁等情绪,甚至导致心理障碍或是生理疾病,更甚者会导致生命危机。因此,民办高校应加强大学生的心理健康教育。     

Inter-regional and inter-temporal analysis of travel behaviour for Asian metropolitan cities: Case studies of Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, and Nagoya

The unprecedented demand for travel experienced in Asia, in conjunction with the economic development of the1980s, has resulted in a number of detrimental effects on urban systems. Economic development has certainly intensified per capita income enhancing personal mobility. In Asia, private vehicle ownership and usage have continued to be recognised as an obligatory element of travel for many. Undoubtedly there is a direct relationship between vehicle ownership and public transport usage. Inter-regional and inter-temporal investigations of travel behaviour in Asian cities are therefore necessary to develop an understanding of the future transportation system including suitability and the role of public transport. Since travel data are scarce in Asian countries, inter-regional or inter-temporal travel behaviour investigations do not exist to date. Several travel demand models are developed using discrete choice modelling techniques and Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, and Nagoya as case studies. Estimation results of the mode choice models are successfully incorporated to compare travel behaviour trends in selected cities in Asia. The developed models are tested for spatial and temporal transferability.     

Evidence on the Relationship between Low Income and Poor Health: Is the Government Doing Enough?

The government's report, Opportunity for All: Tackling Poverty and Social Exclusion (Department of Social Security, 1999), identified poor health as one of the major problems associated with low income. However, much of the available evidence on the relationship between income and health is of little help in forming policies to reduce health inequalities, as it has tended to be based on cross‐section surveys and is therefore unable to shed much light on causal effects. Here, we make use of two British longitudinal datasets to examine the longer‐term influences of income on health within a life‐course perspective. We then use the results of our analysis to provide a brief critical assessment of the likely success of the government's anti‐poverty strategy in reducing health inequalities. A more detailed assessment of government policy in this respect can be found in Benzeval et al. (forthcoming).     

Estimating the Aboriginal Population in Early Colonial Australia: The Role of Chickenpox Reconsidered

Noel Butlin radically altered the debate about the pre-colonial Aboriginal population when he provided a set of hypothetical demographic scenarios, which nonetheless were both grounded in economic theory or human ecological considerations and broadly consistent with what we know about the historical record. This research builds on Butlin's legacy by exploring how his scenarios are consistent with both the medical understandings of the infectiousness and mortality of various diseases and the history of settlement. Another contribution from this paper is to highlight the possible role of chickenpox in the Aboriginal depopulation in the early colonial period.     

我国健康人力资本投资与经济增长关系研究

本文基于1978—2011年的时间序列数据,实证分析了健康人力资本投资与经济增长之间的关系。结果发现：变量之间存在着长期均衡关系和双向互动机制,二者互为因果。从显著性的角度来说,健康人力资本投资更能成为经济增长的Granger原因,而我国健康人力资本投资或医疗卫生事业的发展大约滞后于经济增长2年的时间。为完善二者之间的双向互动机制,实现经济总量和人民总体生活水平的同步提升,本文在最后提出了两点政策建议。     

Does SNAP improve your health?

In this study, we examine the effect of SNAP on health quite generally, examining self-assessed health (SAH), healthy time, and basic health utilization measures as outcomes. Our approach is to model outcomes and participation simultaneously, using exogenous variation in state eligibility to identify SNAP participation. We use this approach for both ordered choices (health) and count outcomes (sickdays, office-based visits, outpatient visits), where the former uses maximum likelihood and the latter maximum simulated likelihood. In addition, we control for state-level unobservables that are correlated with both participation and health, which previous studies of this question have neglected. Our results indicate that SNAP has an consistently positive effect on SAH; it significantly increases the probability of reporting excellent or very good health. We also find that SNAP participants spend about 3 fewer days in bed due to illness each year, and report between 1 and 2 fewer office-based doctor visits and a fraction fewer outpatient visits. Supplementary specifications indicate that, although SNAP participants consume fewer office visits overall, they have more checkups than comparable non-participants.     

保险在应对公共卫生事件中的功能发挥与演进——基于2003年非典与2020年新冠肺炎疫情的比较视角

保险业是我国国民经济重要的支柱行业,其发展是我国社会进步和经济发展的典型缩影,其功能演进也受到特定的社会文化背景与经济环境的影响。选取2003年非典和2020年新冠肺炎疫情两个外生公共卫生事件,分析我国保险业的功能发挥与演进。研究发现：在应对公共卫生事件中,保险业除发挥了常规的损失补偿、风险保障和风险管理功能外,同时也发挥着社会责任、类社会保障、社会管理等延展功能。进一步比较发现,保险业在应对2003年和2020年的两起公共卫生事件中,同样功能的发挥能力和程度有很大差异,这主要是我国近二十年来保险业的快速发展,其功能的有效发挥有赖于坚实的行业基础和救助能力。     

城市绿地植物群落与空气菌类粒度空间 分异特征相关性研究——以北京奥林匹克 森林公园为例

城市绿地对于消减城市空间真菌、细菌的种类和数 量,进而提高城市人居物理环境质量、维护居民公共健康具有 重要意义。以北京奥林匹克森林公园绿地为例,选定典型试验 样点,基于多年连续动态持续测定结果,分析该公园绿地区域 的空气真菌和细菌粒度数据。结果表明,常绿针叶林植物群落 类型具有最低的空气真菌及细菌粒度;乔灌草复层植物群落结 构具有最高的真菌粒度和较低的空气细菌粒度。研究结果可为 功能型城市绿地规划设计提供基础数据和科学依据。