中美经营性道路运输比较研究

从服务性质、服务对象及辅助性标准等三方面对中美两国经营性与非经营性道路运输的划分标准进行了比较,发现两国都经历了从客观性标准到主观性标准的转变,但在服务对象要件上存在一定的差异;美国存在着辅助性标准,我国则没有。     

论对非法所得课税的法律规制

能否对非法收入征税是一个在世界范围内都颇受关注的问题。目前,除英国等少数国家外,美国、德国等大多数国家都认为应当对非法收入征税。我国对此问题仍然没有形成统一的看法,但目前多数学者都认为应当对非法收入征税,笔者对此也持肯定态度。因此,该论文对非法所得课税问题进行了理论上的分析,并在借鉴国外经验的基础上提出了对我国非法所得课税的立法建议。     

气象法律成本缺失的经济学分析——以气象探测的环境保护为视角

从法经济学理论分析,"违法成本低"问题在立法上的体现,是法律责任的设定不合理,大大降低了违法者应当承担的"预期成本"。本文界定了气象违法成本,对气象法律责任立法缺失问题进行了分析,指出目前我国对气象违法责任主体的处罚偏轻。法律规范过于依赖行政处罚或民事赔偿,对刑事手段重视不够。刑事责任和行政责任主要体现了惩罚,而民事责任主要体现了补偿,不同的法律责任体现出不同的法律意图,对气象违法主体行为也会产生不同的威慑效果。只有将这三者有机结合,才能降低政府的监管成本,同时提高公众保护气象环境、遵守气象法的意识。而刑事责任的空缺使气象违法成本大大降低,不利于气候状况的监测和保护,这种局面必须改变。     

论黑色经济对我国社会的危害

在经济生活领域中,黑色经济使经济信息扭曲失真,使生产要素配置紊乱,使国家财政收入遭受巨大损失,使国有资产大量流失,引发社会的两极分化,破坏市场经济秩序。在法律与政治生活领域中,它腐蚀我国的政治体系,破坏法律秩序。在社会精神生活领域中,它腐蚀人们的思想与灵魂,严重污染与破坏人类文明与精神生活。     

HRM Role in EEO: Sheep in Shepherd’s Clothing?

Despite a plethora of laws prohibiting discrimination in employment, supporting and enforcing equal employment opportunity (EEO) principles has proven to be an enormous challenge for those charged with this responsibility. The question often asked is who should exercise this role in organizations. Not surprisingly, there has been a call for HRM to become the guardian of EEO in organizations but should human resource managers be male or female, and/or would line managers be better positioned to assume this responsibility? This paper overviews the literature and then summarizes an empirical study that attempted to address the possible impact of these options as they exist in organizations. One hundred and eighty respondents who met the criterion of having interviewed one or more job applicants in the previous 6 months were systematically selected from business telephone listings. Based on self-reported behaviors, no significant difference was found between the expected and actual distributions of HR and line managers in respect to whether decisions were made on unlawful grounds. The percentage of each respondent category that asked unlawful questions varied from 1% to 36% depending upon the attribute (unlawful ground of discrimination) under consideration. This begs the question as to what value HR managers contribute to EEO in the selection process. The second finding was that significantly less female managers admit to making decisions on the basis of unlawful questions than male managers. Thus, support was found for female line managers as guardians of EEO but no clear justification for HRM in this role.     

多因共振下的校园贷整治难题

作为规制难题的非法校园贷,其生成原因是多元的。小额贷款公司与P2P网贷平台长期面临的“融资贵”问题致使其运营成本上升,直接造成二者在利息设定上普遍偏高,容易向高利贷转化。同时,贯穿整个经营过程中的高度不确定的法律风险,使得小贷公司与网贷平台更为担忧坏账的发生,当举债学生无法如期还款时,倾向于采用非法催收方式逼迫还债。最后,软暴力手段淡化非法催收的违法性,使非法校园贷的发生更富隐蔽性,加剧了公安机关的介入难度。校园贷监管当在扩大银行、大电商这类正规经营主体在校园信贷市场覆盖面的基础上,不断挤压非法校园贷的生存空间,以期实现良币驱逐劣币的效果。     

民间借贷与非法集资交叉案件裁判研究

民间借贷发轫于民间,其建立在个体信用基础之上,这种基于血缘、亲缘、地缘、业缘关系的个体信用容易监督,具有稳定性但不具有成长性。非法集资是以非法占有为目的,以虚构事实、隐瞒真相、虚假宣传的欺骗方法向不特定社会公众集资的犯罪行为。在我国,非法吸收公众存款、集资诈骗、高利转贷等相关联罪名均被列入非法集资。民间借贷与非法吸收公众存款、集资诈骗等刑事纠纷交织在一起,使当事人之间法律关系的性质难以准确判断,因此,民间借贷和非法集资刑民交叉案件成为司法实践中的＂疑难杂症＂,回答这个现实问题,会受到如金融机构、市场、监管机构、公安机关、司法裁判机构等一系列因素的影响。本文从交叉案件现象、交叉案件实体法律关系研究、交叉案件程序处理方式研究、交叉案件裁判研究四方面展开,归纳民间借贷和非法集资刑民交叉案件的法律要点和裁判要旨,形成判断罪与非罪、罪轻与罪重的司法指引。     

US immigration policies and dynamics of cross‐border workforce in agriculture

Given the contentious debate on immigration, this study develops a dynamic model to analyse the effects of stricter border and domestic enforcement and streamlining the guest‐worker programme on cross‐border migration from Mexico, employment and production in US labour‐intensive and Mexican agriculture and the US and Mexican wage rates. The model incorporates labour‐leisure decisions of Mexican workers and labour market dynamics and linkages. The findings show stricter border and domestic controls exacerbate the labour‐shortage problems and reduce the US agricultural production. Streamlining the guest‐worker programme provides a steady supply of farm workers and has negligible impact on the US wage.     

非法资金流动行为及其博弈均衡研究——基于演化博弈的分析

运用演化博弈的方法对实施非法资本流动群体的行为和最终均衡分析结果显示,不能指望在对非法资本跨国流动行为的惩罚力度有限的加强之后,这种行为会马上得到抑制.对于监管当局来说,由于非法资本跨国流动的收益是无法控制的,所以为了尽量抑制这种行为,对实施者的惩罚力度应持续加强.而且这种惩罚威胁即使只作用于部分个体,也能有效遏制整体的非法资金流动.     

农地非法流转的制度经济学分析

近年来我国农地私下非法流转严重,且没有得到政府有关管理部门的有效制止,直接威胁到国家耕地保护政策的执行和粮食安全。这种农地私下非法流转的蔓延是现有制度安排之外存在的潜在利润以及外部性的存在导致的。实践中这一问题的解决与土地自身追求流转效率、保护农民利益及推进城市化进程出现了矛盾。为了有效解决农地私下非法流转难题,可以从在城市周边为进城农民提供相应的居住设施、让农民的长远收益大于当前的一次性流转收益、发挥非正式制度的作用等方面采取切实有效措施。