比较优势与加工贸易——基于中国各省市的实证分析

受经济全球化的影响,国际分工进一步深化,从产品层面延伸到了产品内不同工序层面,传统的比较优势理论可以解释这种新型产品内分工产生的原因及影响。作为产品内分工的表现形式——加工贸易目前已成为中国最主要的贸易方式。以2000—2005年中国各省市加工贸易进出口额为样本,利用Egger（2005）的方法对加工贸易的影响因素进行定量分析,进而得出比较优势仍是加工贸易的重要决定因素。     

Modeling Imports in a Keynesian Expenditure Model

The author discusses several issues that instructors of introductory macroeconomics courses should consider when introducing imports in the Keynesian expenditure model. The analysis suggests that the specification of the import function should partially, if not completely, be the result of a simple discussion about the spending and import behaviors of the household, firm, and government sectors. The analysis also indicates that instructors who use certain import functions that are in some introductory textbooks will inadvertently impose restrictions on the model and potentially confuse students. The author examines several implications of the specification proposed by Robert Cherry (2001) Cherry, R. 2001. The simple expenditure model with trade: How should we model imports?. Journal of Economic Education, 32: 53–57. [Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] and shows how the restrictions imposed by Cherry's specification make it difficult for instructors to present certain types of economic events and policies. The import function discussed here avoids these restrictions and allows instructors to present more easily certain types of examples.     

Vertical Innovation and Catching-Up: Implications of EU Integration for CEECs-5

We analyze the role of vertical innovation in trade patterns for developing economies trading with technologically advanced countries. A model is presented where the international diffusion of knowledge, promoted by economic integration, is the source of a technological catching up and leads to a convergence in the quality of traded goods, with a positive effect on exports. We then turn our attention on the evolution of trade between the Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs-5) and their European Union partner countries, assessing whether economic integration has increase the quality of the goods produced. For the period 1995–2005, we find evidence of the increasing role of intra-industry trade and vertical differentiation and a process of specialization in higher quality products, especially in the medium- and high-skill sectors.

International Economies of Scale and the Gains from Trade

In this paper, we present a two-country trade model with external economies of scale that emerge on an international level but are partially localized in each country. First, we show that the larger country exports the good produced in an industry with external economies of scale in the trading equilibrium. Second, we investigate the welfare effects of trade for the following two cases: (I) the case where external economies are completely localized in autarky; (II) the case where external economies are internationally effective in autarky. In case (II), it is shown that trade can be welfare-decreasing for both countries.     

30年工业比较优势的动态演进

文章通过对中国出口结构变迁的数据分析后得到三个发现:一是作为全球劳动力最丰富的国家,中国劳动密集型产品占出口比重快速下降。二是出口结构不断转向包含更多人力资本的技术类产品,表明劳动力要素禀赋的内涵发生了重大变化。三是制造业中的资本密集型工业的出口竞争力还很弱,预示着提升资本密集型产业的竞争力是未来出口结构的调整方向。     

全球港口间集装箱运输贸易网络的时空分异

在科学估测全球集装箱吞吐量排名前100位的港口间集装箱运输贸易流的基础上,综合考察全球港口间集装箱运输贸易的时空演化格局,并从全球港口间集装箱运输贸易联系的角度揭示全球港口间集装箱运输贸易网络的等级结构。结果表明:1在研究期内,全球已经形成以北美、西欧、东亚—东南亚三个区域港口间集装箱贸易连接为主体,三个区域内部港口间集装箱贸易连接为支撑的港口间集装箱运输贸易流网络空间格局;2全球港口间的集装箱运输贸易流网络的复杂性与完整性大大增加,各港口间的集装箱运输贸易流在研究期内经历一个由近及远的空间递减过程,地理邻近依然是有利于促进港口间集装箱运输贸易流的一个重要因素;3全球多数港口间的集装箱运输贸易联系比较松散,仅少数港口的联系紧密,这种全球集装箱运输贸易港口分布格局等级差异的形成是世界海运贸易网络区域分异、组合特征的反映;4港口集装箱运输贸易首位联系呈现出明显的区域化特征,港口的相邻或接近以及集装箱运输贸易组团核心强大的经济吸引力,成为全球港口间集装箱运输贸易的首位联系形成的主要因素。