基于能动司法视角的蓝碳治理环境司法探讨

在系统梳理相关规范体系和实践现状的基础上,分析了蓝碳治理的司法困境及成因,探讨了环境司法能动助力蓝碳治理的路径。结果表明:我国蓝碳存在司法适用规范阙如、司法权与行政权配置不合理、司法能动与克制的标准不明、责任承担方式各异等问题;指出环境司法下的蓝碳治理守正创新,须归纳其表层现象、挖掘深层逻辑,从正面肯定蓝碳司法本土化的制度创新,将积累的实践经验上升为理论模型,以环境司法能动回应蓝碳治理,保障审前有限能动、审中适度能动和审后积极能动,以免具有生命力的司法经验在司法改革中被悄无声息地抹除,以蓝碳司法能动与国际社会共谋生态文明之道。     

On Targeting Frameworks And Optimal Monetary Policy

We show that speed limit policy, a monetary policy strategy that focuses on stabilizing inflation and the change in the output gap, consistently outperforms flexible inflation targeting and flexible price level targeting in empirical medium‐scale DSGE models under discretionary policymaking. In contrast to small‐scale New Keynesian models, this welfare ranking of the targeting frameworks is not overturned when inflation dynamics are mostly backward‐looking. Importantly, the performance of the speed limit policy shows less sensitivity to its parameterization than other frameworks that target the inflation rate or the price level.     

Globalization, Financial Volatility and Monetary Policy

Recently it has often been claimed that globalization eases the job of central banks as it helps to tame inflation. This is used to argue that central banks (particularly the ECB, referring to the objectives as laid down in the EU Treaty) could or should reduce their efforts in the fight against inflation in favor of supporting the general economic policies of the governments. This paper takes a critical look at this argument, pointing to the structural changes associated with globalization and to the corresponding increase in uncertainty by which the central banks are affected. As an example of this, the increase in financial volatility is analyzed and explained as the result of optimal portfolio allocation, and its implications for monetary policy are discussed.     

A Note on Inflation Targeting

The authors present a pedagogical graphical exposition to illustrate the stabilizing effect of price target zones. Based on a textbook AD-AS apparatus, they find that authorities' commitment to defend a price target zone will affect the public's inflation expectations and, in turn, reduce actual inflation. They also find that, when the economy experiences supply shocks, the announcement that the monetary authorities intend to defend a price target zone will reduce the variability of domestic prices but raise the variability of domestic output relative to a free-price regime. However, when the economy experiences demand shocks, a price target zone tends to lower the variability of both domestic prices and out-put relative to a free-price regime.     

Modelling inflation shifts and persistence in Tunisia: perspectives from an evolutionary spectral approach

This article examines the dynamic characteristics of the inflation rate in Tunisia over the last two decades, and particularly following the onset of the Arab Spring in 2010 which causes distortions in this country’s monetary policy. We focus on the two specific dimensions of the Tunisian inflation rate: inflation regimes and persistence. We tackle this issue by adopting an evolutionary spectral approach, initially proposed by Priestley and Tong (1973). Our main findings indicate a stable inflation regime in the last 10 years, with an average inflation rate of around 5.5%. It is also found that the Tunisian inflation experienced a high degree of inertia which reflects its gradual responses to shocks. We also discuss the policy implications of these results, which typically require policy-makers to implement sound institutional reforms to reduce inflation.     

政府管控一般目标、总量结构和管控基本范畴

政府宏观经济管控目标具有多重性,包括保持社会总供给与总需求的平衡,促进经济再生产各环节及各产业、地区间的协调,不断提高人民生活水平调节社会分配,保护生态环境和自然资源,实现经济长期发展的良性循环和社会进步等,还包括经济目标效率和社会目标均等。宏观经济管理、调控和干预是三个既有联系又有区别的概念,而管控应当说包涵了三方面内容。管控的基本内容和手段实际也是市场机制调节功能的有机组成,客观上要求宏观经济调节机制必须通过市场机制起作用。     

我国土地产权法律制度述评

制度变迁理论认为:产权制度设计具有在体制内激励个人与集团的功能.中国的经济改革是"在解决现实问题中进行的渐进式经济改革",实践中的"产权"设计需要在法学理论层面对之进行梳理.我国的农村土地集体所有制度的利弊与农民财产的市场化问题一直在争议之中.在房价暴涨,危及居民基本居住条件的情况下,政府以金融、行政手段对房价进行调控,上海市明确"土地使用权限到期后由出让方收回",是否合法合理?在探索农村土地入市的过程中,重庆市户籍改革对农村的宅基地以"地票"制度入市交易,实现权利的变现,这一创新举措是否符合法理?文章立足经济法价值论,对土地产权设计的法理价值及上述政策得失进行述评.     

Unstable Inflation Targets

This paper studies long‐run inflation targets and stability in an imperfect information environment. When central banks set an inflation target that is not fully communicated, agents draw inferences about inflation from recent data and remain alert to structural change by forming expectations from a forecasting model that is estimated via discounted least squares. Inflation targets can lead agents' beliefs to depart from rational expectations through two channels. First, implementing a higher inflation target can lead to overshooting. Second, there can be nearly self‐fulfilling inflation, disinflation, or deflation that arises as an endogenous response to shocks. Policy implications for implementing a higher target without deanchoring expectations are discussed.