Analysing job creation effects of scaling up infrastructure spending in South Africa

In a first for South Africa, this article draws on literature on infrastructure productivity to model dynamic economy-wide employment impacts of infrastructure investment funded with different fiscal tools. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model, the South African investment plan is modelled, given the infrastructure externality. Alternative fiscal scenarios to finance the policy are modelled in the article. In the long run, unemployment decreases for all types of workers under one of the scenarios. In the short run, only elementary occupation workers benefit from a decrease in unemployment; for the rest, unemployment rises.     

浅谈对电厂基建和技改工程竣工图管理的想法

工程档案,建设工程档案是由工程文件经鉴定、整理、归档后形成的。项目工程档案主要包括工程前期文件、工程施工文件、工程竣工验收文件、竣工图及设备厂家资料图纸等。     

目前我国城镇基础设施投融资模式分析

在我国经济建设步伐加快,各级地方财政普遍吃紧的情况下,直接财政投资、土地储备制度等传统融资模式已不能满足城市基础设施融资的需求。继之出现的BOT、TOT、PFI、ABS和市政债券的投融资模式市场程度依次提高,共同的特点在于引入SPC作为桥梁将政府与市场在公共物品领域连接起来,这些融资模式合作形式各异,以公私合营和资本市场的力量为城建资金寻找到了更广泛的投资者。本文介绍了我国现行的城镇基础设施投融资模式,如土地储备制度和市政债券等,依市场化程度的高低对这些融资进行了分类分析和比较,指出未来我国城建融资模式的发展方向。     

加强基础设施建设,提升中心城区的辐射带动能力

在新型城镇化进程中,加强中心城区的基础设施建设、提升中心城区的承载能力、发挥中心城区的辐射带动作用十分重要。本文在分析了黄河三角洲地区中心城市基础设施建设存在不足的基础上,提出了加强中心城区基础设施建设的看法与建议,旨在为全面提升该区域的城镇化水平提供参考。     

英国金融市场基础设施监管状况及未来发展

文章剖析了英国金融市场基础设施（主要包括支付系统、中央对手方和证券结算系统）的监管框架，总结了监管工作在信用风险和流动性风险、恢复与处置和操作风险管理等方面取得的主要进展，阐述了其在国内、国际监管合作方面的监管权力运用，梳理了下一步的发展方向和酝酿的主要变革。     

The role of dairy company policies in support of farm green infrastructure in the absence of government stewardship payments

Intensive dairy farming has substantial impacts on freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. Determining how to mitigate them while increasing production is driving the quest for sustainable milk production internationally. Green infrastructure (G.I.) provides private and public ecosystem services, including mitigation of farming environmental impacts. However, there are implementation barriers among farmers. New Zealand government supports farmer self-regulation as long as farmers meet environmental targets. Farmers are neither compensated for reducing environmental impacts, nor for setting aside G.I. in support of nature conservation. Dairy companies are under increasing pressure to ensure socially acceptable milk production practices among farmer suppliers. They may play a role in encouraging farmers to implement G.I. as a way of helping farmers meet regulatory compliance, and best farming practice. Using a content analysis of company policies, the role of dairy companies in encouraging G.I. among farmers is explored. Results indicate companies are concerned about the effects, and perception, of poor environmental farming practices on their profitability, and have developed some riparian G.I. policies, with government and farmer support. However, policies are farm-focused and are limited to one year, and thus lack the capacity to encourage G.I. in support of key ecosystem services, such as water cleansing and support for indigenous biodiversity that require landscape scaled networks and longer periods. Even at the farm scale, a majority of companies lack policies that encourage significant G.I. networks. Policies suggest companies, and by extension farmers, lack sufficient motivation to protect or restore them voluntarily. Under these conditions, significant G.I. is unlikely to develop under self-regulation, unless supplemented through motivating government stewardship payments.     

Driving force from authorities: the evolution of innovation system for biomedical industry in China

Over the past 30 years, China has fully exploited its advantage to steadily foster an innovation system for the biomedical industry with Chinese characteristics, that is, ‘Government-guided, resource-integrated and long-term planning.’ The system originated from historically famous ‘863 program’ in the 1980s, evolved with a series of favourable policies in the different periods, and eventually has taken shape in the industrial clusters across the country. It features with a systematic and integrated R&D infrastructure (or public platform) at different levels. In this study, China’s biomedical innovation system will be examined and the leading role of Chinese authorities will be explored from the perspective of Triple Helix theory. As the ‘highland of innovation’, Shanghai case is highlighted with plentiful information gathered from primary sources in the involved agencies for the first time, including the Shanghai Biopharma Service Platform.     

Emptying the future: On the environmental politics of anticipation

Anticipation may be seen as structured by images and representations, an approach that has informed recent work in science and technology studies on the sociology of expectations. But anticipation, as a capacity or characteristic, is not solely manifested in the form of representations, even where such representations of the ‘not yet’ are performative in nature. It also comprises material capacities, technological, biophysical and affective in nature. The politics of anticipation is shaped by how these symbolic and material capacities, and the forms of agency they make possible, are distributed. As anticipation is an environmentally distributed capacity, it is suggested that the politics of anticipation is also an environmental politics. A conceptual framework for analysing anticipation as comprised of environmental capabilities is introduced, and fleshed out using a case study of energy infrastructure planning from the UK. Key elements of this framework include the concepts of anticipatory assemblages and future horizons or ‘styles’ of anticipation. Working through the case study as an empirical example of a conflict concerning the politics of anticipation and of ‘environments’, it is demonstrated how the relationships between styles of anticipation are materially constitutive of such conflicts.