会计诚信缺失的对策研究

随着社会经济的日益复杂化,会计信息失真问题日益严重,在极大程度上影响会计诚信体系的建设。本文首先分析会计诚信的现状及其危害性,在此基础上提出重塑会计诚信的相关对策。     

浅析交易性金融资产与可供出售金融资产的会计处理

现行企业会计准则将金融资产进行了严格的分类,并对各类金融资产的确认、计量进行了明确规定。交易性金融资产与可供出售金融资产的会计处理有类似之处,但也有不同。本文通过实例对二者的会计处理进行浅析。     

企业会计准则质量标准问题研究

会计准则的质量标准,对于会计准则研究和建设都具有重大意义。自20世纪末以来,高质量会计准则的特征成为国际会计界研究的热点问题。目前,我国会计准则体系已初步形成,其质量如何应该有个科学的评价标准。本文拟对该评价标准作初步探讨。     

所有者权益价值会计计量问题探讨

所有者权益价值计量是否准确,核算是否科学,不仅影响股东的权益,而且还决定它提供的会计信息是否有用。本文对所有者权益账面价值与市场价值差异、不同计量模式下所有者权益价值、公允价值计量模式下的所有者权益等问题进行了初步的研究和探讨。     

基于新会计准则的会计信息价值相关性分析

新会计准则在上市公司实施后,资产负债表和利润表的会计信息的价值相关性有了提高,其中利润表的会计信息价值相关性的提高程度要好于资产负债表的会计信息价值相关性的提高程度。公允价值信息是新会计准则所产生的主要增量信息。新会计准则实施后,公允价值信息具有价值相关性。但是,由于资本市场在2008年受到了金融危机的影响,公允价值信息的相关性在该年表现不是很显著。可见,新会计准则的实施提高了会计信息的价值相关性,但是资产负债表观没有得到有效体现,公允价值信息的价值相关性容易受到资本市场环境的影响。     

论会计系统研究方法

系统研究方法源于系统科学的发展。系统研究需要采用系统研究方法,系统研究方法在会计研究中的应用形成会计系统研究方法。会计系统研究方法是一个体系,包括各种具体研究方法,具有从整体出发,进行"综合-分析-再综合",确定目标与实现目标相结合,定量分析与定性分析相结合等特点。会计研究的内容形成被研究的系统,在会计领域的各个方面都可以采用会计系统研究方法。会计研究采用系统研究方法,有利于全面认识系统的性质及其发展,正确处理系统各构成部分之间的相互关系,促进系统目标的实现,开拓系统的创新发展,检验系统研究的成果。     

会计稳健性根源探析

利益相关者之间的信息不对称是会计稳健性产生的根本原因。损失函数的不对称包括契约性的和非契约性的。遭受损失的契约方会向管理当局和非契约方寻求帮助以降低其损失,准则制定机构和法律制定机构会分别制定更加稳健的会计准则以及执行严格的法律法规,从而保证处于信息劣势方不发生损失或者降低损失程度。准则以及各项法律法规在一定程度上形成了外部公司治理机制,从而产生了会计稳健性。     

Exploring the presence of accounting amongst petty traders in Ghana

This paper seeks to investigate the presence of accounting among petty traders in Ghana. The methodology applied was the mixed method under the multiple methods choices. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used. The findings were that formal education is not a pre-requisite requirement to the operations of a petty trading business. However, the study revealed the presence of accounting in petty trading; thus confirming the assumption that accounting is a universal good and is present in the petty trading business. Findings on the three major factors that influenced the present or absent of accounting among petty traders revealed that： there were no state institutions or pressure groups in Ghana to influence or oblige private entrepreneurs （petty traders） to prepare financial statements; the literacy of the petty trader though was found to be a necessary factor, it was not sufficient to explain the accountancy presence or absence in the traders＇ businesses. The usefulness of the accounting information to the petty trader influenced the presence of accounting in the traders＇ business. Finally, the level of trust - social capital in the community, and its influence on the presence of accounting, was relatively insignificant in the context of urban Ghana. No study of this kind has been conducted in the field of accounting presence or absence in Ghana.     

The impact of European firms＇ economic conditions and financial performance on accounting quality

In this study the authors analyse the possible effect of firms＇ economic conditions and financial performance on accounting quality. Bradshaw, et al. （2004）, Gelos ＆ WEI （2005） stated that financial reporting quality is fundamental for investors and it affects international capital movements. Following Schipper ＆ Vicent （2003）, the authors estimated accounting quality by abnormal accruals and earnings persistence. The authors＇ contribution consists of investigating a huge number of firms from 17 European countries using unbalanced panel data. The authors found evidence that economic conditions affect accounting quality： big firms and those with high current earnings exhibit better financial information. These results are robust because they do not depend on the accounting quality proxy, even when the authors estimated regression with economical and financial factors alone or together. Financial performance does not seem to affect accounting quality. However, this relation is not linear because in high leveraged firms, the capital structure becomes determinant.     

会计与审计：理论渊源与发展路径

会计与审计总是如影相随,20世纪50年代管理会计兴起的同时,管理审计也开始萌芽。现在看来,会计与审计发展的根本动因是受托责任,两者的终极目标是价值增值,财务会计和管理会计的融合是大势所趋,最终走向以价值链会计为核心的“泛会计”;财务审计和管理审计同样走向融合,最终走向以风险和治理为导向的增值审计。