初中英语写作教学的策略研究

初中英语教学是一个长期而系统的工程,而写作教学在初中英语教学中又占有很重要的地位,现对如何做好初中英语写作教学工作进行分析。     

Interest Rate Derivatives in a Duffie and Kan Model with Stochastic Volatility: An Arrow-Debreu Pricing Approach

Simple analytical pricing formulae have been derived, by different authors and for several derivatives, under the Gaussian Langetieg (1980) model. The purpose of this paper is to use such exact Gaussian solutions in order to obtain approximate analytical pricing formulas under the most general stochastic volatility specification of the Duffie and Kan (1996) model. Using Gaussian Arrow-Debreu state prices, first order stochastic volatility approximate pricing solutions will be derived only involving one integral with respect to the time-to-maturity of the contingent claim under valuation. Such approximations will be shown to be much faster than the existing exact numerical solutions, as well as accurate.     

Is the European Capital Market Ready for the Single Currency?

This paper defines, and investigates the extent of, capital market integration in the European Ecu government bond market sector utilising Johansen's (1992) multivariate analysis. Evidence suggests the yield system is driven by a unique common trend, although we reject the zero-sum restriction on the cointegrating vector. The former finding is consistent with our definition of full Ecu capital market integration, the latter is not, although it is explainable by failure of the expectations hypothesis. Our results support market utilisation of the extant Ecu yield curve as the initial benchmark for pricing euro-denominated debt securities following stage III EMU.     

A macro-financial analysis of the euro area sovereign bond market

We estimate the ‘fundamental’ component of euro area sovereign bond yield spreads, i.e. the part of bond spreads that can be justified by country-specific economic factors, euro area economic fundamentals, and international influences. The yield spread decomposition is achieved using a multi-market, no-arbitrage affine term structure model with a unique pricing kernel. More specifically, we use the canonical representation proposed by Joslin et al. (2011) and introduce next to standard spanned factors a set of unspanned macro factors, as in Joslin et al. (forthcoming). The model is applied to yield curve data from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain over the period 2005–2013. Overall, our results show that economic fundamentals are the dominant drivers behind sovereign bond spreads. Nevertheless, shocks unrelated to the fundamental component of the spread have played an important role in the dynamics of bond spreads since the intensification of the sovereign debt crisis in the summer of 2011.     

预期转股冲击与企业杠杆调整——基于可转债的断点回归分析

股票价格高于转股价格时可转换债券内嵌期权由虚值变成实值状态,可转债持有者可能自愿转为股票对企业而言是一种外生的杠杆率下降冲击。文章从可转债预期转股冲击视角,采用断点回归分析的方法,探讨预期转股冲击对企业杠杆调整的作用程度和影响路径,同时分析预期转股冲击对不同来源负债的影响差异,并检验债务累积风险不同的企业杠杆调整的异质性。研究发现：企业增加当期杠杆率以应对预期转股冲击,预期转股冲击通过增加股价信息含量和提高股票流动性的路径影响企业杠杆调整,其显著提高经营杠杆而不影响金融杠杆。进一步分组检验表明,债务累积风险低的企业对预期转股冲击导致的预期杠杆率下降更为敏感,积极调整企业杠杆率,预期转股冲击不会叠加债务累积风险高的企业杠杆率。可转债融资工具有助于企业实现稳杠杆。     

次级金融债券:我国商业银行补充资本金的新渠道

深化金融企业改革是金融体制改革的一个重要内容 ,加强银行业资本充足性监管是金融机构改革的迫切要求。我国商业银行普遍面临资本金短缺问题 ,必须要寻找新的补充商业银行资本金的渠道。尽管最近国家通过外汇储备补充商业银行的资本金 ,但这并不是商业银行获得资本金的长久有效的渠道。而发行次级金融债券才是商业银行目前解决资本金不足的一个最可行的方式 ,并且实施的时机已经成熟     

国债衍生品设计新思路——国债本息拆离运作机制构建

国债本息拆离是一种既能满足交易者效用 ,又能改善国债期限结构、减轻偿债压力 ,而且增强债券市场流动性的国债衍生品的设计方式。本文初步探讨了发展国债本息拆离的必要性、可行性及其运作机制 ,并针对我国国情 ,提出了相应的政策建议。     

我国居民家庭金融资产财富效应分析

利用中国人民银行1992年开始发布的住户部门流量金融资产年度数据,运用协整理论和ECM模型分析我国居民家庭持有的各类金融资产的财富效应,结果表明:可支配收入是影响我国居民消费的主要因素;居民手持现金、存款和股票的财富效应不显著;债券、保险资产存在负的财富效应,对居民消费有挤出效应.因此,在促使居民收入稳步增长的同时,必须进一步发展和完善我国金融市场,扩大市场规模,提高市场效率,稳定投资者预期,并尽快完善住房、医疗、教育、养老保险等体制,才能充分发挥金融资产对居民消费的引导和调控作用.     

中国企业债券市场化运行机制研究

近年来,中国的企业债券市场取得了较大的发展,但相对于国外发达的资本市场和中国的股票、国债市场来说,中国的企业债券市场还相当滞后。为此,本文从中国企业债券市场的发展现状入手,探讨了中国企业债券市场化运行机制中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了完善中国企业债券市场化运行机制的途径。     

2011年上半年债券市场运行报告

2011年上半年,我国货币政策保持稳健,政策累积效应逐步显现。银行间债券市场的主要运行特点是：债券指数受资金面影响呈一波三折的走势,收益率曲线平坦化;除央票发行量下降外,包括政府和各类企业的实际融资需求和融资量仍有显著上升;债券余额小幅增长;回购交易持续活跃;现券交易同比上升,环比下降;利率衍生产品交易规模大幅增长。