The cross section of international government bond returns

Volatility risk, credit risk, value effect, and momentum are major return drivers in the fixed-income universe. This study offers a four-factor pricing model for international government bonds. The model thoroughly explains the variation of government bond returns and covers a range of more than 60 cross-sectional return patterns in government bond markets, verifying its usefulness for asset pricing. The research was conducted within a sample of bonds from 25 developed and emerging markets for the years 1992 to 2016.     

Co-Production and Value Co-Creation in Outcome-Based Contracting in Public Services

This paper contributes to theorizing and analysing different processes of co-production and value co-creation within outcome-based contracting (OBC). It investigates how different OBC mechanisms are implemented in practice, and with what implications for public service users’ experiences and outcomes. Using realist synthesis techniques, the paper analyses existing evaluations that focus on users’ experiences of OBC in welfare-to-work services and a homelessness project. It highlights how OBC can affect equality, effectiveness and innovation within public services. The paper also exemplifies the importance of analysing how the political and policy context of public services affects both service pathways and their outcomes.     

Credit Spread Changes and Equity Volatility: Evidence from Daily Data

We investigate the determinants of daily changes in credit spreads in the U.S. corporate bond market. Using a sample of liquid investment grade and high‐yield bonds, we show that both systematic bond and stock market factors as well as idiosyncratic equity market factors affect changes in the yield spread at the daily frequency. In particular, we find that increase in stock market volatility has a positive effect on changes in the spread of corporate bonds over the corresponding Treasuries beyond that captured by standard term structure variables. Our results show that there is an almost contemporaneous inverse relationship between changes in the bond yield spread and the stock return of the issuing firm.     

洪水巨灾债券及其定价的实证研究——基于Wang两因素模型对我国洪水债券定价的分析

近年来,巨灾频发,巨灾债券已成为国际公认而又行之有效的巨灾风险转移工具。我国自然灾害多发,全国有2／3的国土面积遭受洪水威胁。因此,在我国发行巨灾债券特别是洪水巨灾债券意义重大。而发行巨灾债券的难点便在于债券的合理定价。本文收集了1961年至2009年我国洪水灾害数据,运用Wang两因素模型对其经验估计分布进行了调整,得出了中国市场上一年期洪水巨灾债券的价格。以期对我国臣灾债券的合理定价有所借鉴。最后,文章针对中国发行洪水巨灾债券的细节方面提出了建议。     

我国中小企业集合债制度探析

中小企业集合债打破了只有大企业才能发债的惯例,拓宽了中小企业在债券市场的直接融资渠道。但是,集合债准入门槛高、担保难、增信机制不完善、融资成本高等问题严重阻碍着债券的广泛发行。要构建适应中小企业特性的集合债制度,应该从准入条件、担保增信、信用评级、违约风险管理、产品创新等方面对融资模式进行改进。     

中国企业债券市场现状分析与建议

中国的企业债券市场近年来有了较大发展,但与股票市场相比,存在比较大的差距。债券发行规模偏低,金融工具的功能没有得到充分发挥。要健全企业债券市场就必须扩大企业债券发行规模,推动发债主体多元化,完善资源评级制度和信息披露制度。     

用显著性检验方法判断信用评级对企业债券市场定价的影响力

采用显著性检验方法,选取2008年、2009年和2010年发行的企业债券为研究样本,实证分析信用评级信息对我国企业债券市场定价的影响力,结果表明：信用评级信息已经成为我国企业债券市场投资者制定投资决策的主要依据,市场投资者对信用评级信息有很强的依赖性;信用评级信息在资本市场上对我国企业债券的市场定价具有显著的影响力;我国企业债券的市场定价是有效率的。     

可转债发行与大股东利益保护——基于国美电器股份有限公司案例分析

当大股东的持股比例达不到控股地位时,可转债的发行将会使得大股东的持股比例出现下降,进而损害到大股东的利益。文章利用可转债发行中的后门权益融资理论对国美电器所发行可转债的行为进行分析,结果发现国美可转债的发行除了使得财务状况发生恶化外,还使得大股东的持股比例发生了稀释,由此损害了大股东的利益。     

A general class of distortion operators for pricing contingent claims with applications to CAT bonds

ABSTRACT

The current paper provides a general approach to construct distortion operators that can price financial and insurance risks. Our approach generalizes the (Wang 2000) transform and recovers multiple distortions proposed in the literature as particular cases. This approach enables designing distortions that are consistent with various pricing principles used in finance and insurance such as no-arbitrage models, equilibrium models and actuarial premium calculation principles. Such distortions allow for the incorporation of risk-aversion, distribution features (e.g. skewness and kurtosis) and other considerations that are relevant to price contingent claims. The pricing performance of multiple distortions obtained through our approach is assessed on CAT bonds data. The current paper is the first to provide evidence that jump-diffusion models are appropriate for CAT bonds pricing, and that natural disaster aversion impacts empirical prices. A simpler distortion based on a distribution mixture is finally proposed for CAT bonds pricing to facilitate the implementation.