济宁市县乡财政困难问题研究

对济宁地区县乡财政的现状作了分析,指出,税费改革是县乡财政困难的导火索、县域经济发展滞后是县乡财政困难的根本原因、转移支付制度的缺陷是县乡财政困难的重要原因、事权与财权不对应是县乡财政困难的直接原因。必须大力发展县域经济、完善转移支付制度、精简机构、清理核实乡镇债权债务、制止新增不良债务,才能有效化解县乡债务风险。     

The cost of being late? The case of credit card penalty fees

This paper is the first in the literature to examine the determinants of US credit card penalty fees. Many critics of credit card fees – including a number of US Senators – have argued that credit card penalty fees reflect banks’ market share. Using a unique data set we find that fees are increasing in customer risk which supports the position of defenders of penalty fees, such as banks. However, our finding that fees are increasing in a bank's market share is consistent with the concerns expressed by politicians and regulators. We also find card penalty fees are direct substitutes for card interest rates.     

Do Investors Care about the Auditor's Economic Dependence on the Client?*

In this study, we investigate whether investor perceptions of the financial reporting credibility of Big 5 audits are related to the auditor's economic dependence on the client as measured by nonaudit as well as total (audit and nonaudit) fees paid to the incumbent auditor. We use the client‐specific ex ante cost of equity capital as a proxy for investor perceptions of financial reporting credibility and examine auditor fees both as a proportion of the revenues of the audit firm and as a proportion of the revenues of the audit firm's practice office through which the audit was conducted. Our findings suggest that both nonaudit and total fees are perceived negatively by investors' that is, the higher the fees paid to the auditor, the greater the implied threat to auditor independence, and the lower the financial reporting credibility of a Big 5 audit. Furthermore, our findings appear to be largely unrelated to corporate governance: investors do not perceive the auditor as compensating for weak governance. Separately, recent anecdotal evidence suggests that declining revenues from nonaudit services' as a result of recent regulatory restrictions” are being offset by substantial increases in audit fees. Other things being equal, rising audit fees imply higher profit margins for audit services, indicating that the audit function may no longer be a loss leader. Thus, to the extent that investors perceive total fees negatively, recent regulatory initiatives to limit nonaudit fees may not have adequately addressed the perceived, if not the actual, threat to auditor independence posed by fees.     

An empirical investigation of the effects of impact fees on housing and land markets

This paper presents the results from estimating the effects of development impact fees on the prices of new and existing single-family homes and undeveloped residential land using unique data for Dade County, FL. The results show that an additional US$1.00 of fees increases the price of both new and existing housing by about US$1.60 and reduces the price of land by about US$1.00. These findings are shown to be consistent with the new view but not the old view theory of impact fee incidence.     

我国高等教育学费的状况与思考

高等教育收费是近年来人们普遍关心的热点问题.对于学生及家长而言,认为收费高;对于学校而言,觉得收费难.为解决这一问题,应引入预付学费制,鼓励民办高校的发展,尝试适度扩大学费的专业差异等.     

审计市场集中度对市场绩效的影响——基于2002-2012中国证券市场的实证分析

通过对我国证券审计市场集中度的变化过程进行分析,发现证券审计市场集中度的提升主要是由于准入政策调整所致,市场机制并没有起到显著作用。但政府对证券审计市场准入条件的及时调整有效地缓解了集中度徘徊不前的状况。通过实证检验,进一步明确了集中度的提升有利于提高审计市场绩效,可以在一定程上缓解证券审计市场收费偏低、质量不高的问题。据此,文章提出要依靠政策与市场机制进一步提高审计市场集中度,同时加强对会计师事务所的监管。     

盈余管理、关联交易与审计师特征

上市公司利用关联交易进行盈余管理必须得到会计师事务所的"配合"才有可能顺利实施,而与之"配合"的审计师因承担更高的审计风险,必以收取更高的审计费用作为补偿.实证研究表明,关联交易是上市公司盈余管理的重要手段,上市公司关联交易量越大,会计师事务所的品牌、规模越有利于抑制公司盈余管理行为,审计任期过长不利于抑制公司盈余管理行为.上市公司关联交易量越大,就越倾向于选择非国际"四大"和国内非"十大"会计师事务所,即小规模会计师事务所是上市公司的选择目标,因盈余管理进行关联交易的上市公司支付了更高水平的审计费用.     

刷卡手续费之争的博弈分析及银行对策研究

近期深圳零售企业与银联之间的刷卡费率之争甚为激烈.作者通过对国外相似案例的比较和对影响银商博弈因素的分析,认为:银行卡垄断的行业特征并非银商之战的真正原因;商家利润率的下滑是引起银商之争的主要原因,刷卡消费比例的提高和信息不对称是矛盾产生的次要因素;原有的"银行收取高手续费、商家采取合作态度"的博弈均衡正在被打破,银行做出适当调整势在必行;商家应认清银行卡发展乃是大势所趋,反思自身利润下降的原因,而不因一味指责银行卡垄断;银行应从Wal-Mart案中汲取经验教训,注重调查研究,积极引导消费者用卡,并尽量争取政府支持,以期在谈判桌上取得主动.     

河北省农村税费改革与基础教育经费筹资渠道的变化

农村税费制度改革的提出不是从基础教育经费筹集问题开始的,也不是以保持教育经费投入为出发点和归属点的,而是旨在减轻农民负担,增加农民收入。但是,农村税费改革与农村基础教育经费的筹集关系极大,它直接关系到农村基础教育的稳定与发展。本文从保证基础教育经费投入稳定和增长这一角度,分析税费制度改革前后农村基础教育经费数量和筹资渠道的变化,探讨税费改革对基础教育经费投入所带来的新问题及解决办法,以确保巩固农村税费改革的成果以及农村义务教育的顺利实施。     

投资持股关系中的“共享审计师”效应研究

以2007—2015年我国资本市场上具有投资持股关系的上市公司为样本，通过研究持股方和被持股方聘请同一家会计师事务所对持股双方各自审计收费和审计质量的影响，探讨投资持股关系的“共享审计师”中，“信息共享”效应与“低价揽客”效应谁更明显。研究表明，当具有持股关系的两家公司共同聘请同一家会计师事务所后，“信息共享”效应更明显，表现为持股双方的财务报表审计质量和持股方的审计收费显著提升。进一步研究发现：持股双方在不同情况下会选择性价比最高，最有利于自身的方式来获取信息，以谋求“信息共享”效应最大化。