中国-东盟自由贸易区内劳动力市场的共享

中国与东盟建立了“10＋1”自由贸易区，近期内由于产业结构相似度高，会对自由贸易区内各国的经济造成一定的影响，尤其是会加大中国对东盟的贸易逆差。但从长期来看，双方相似的产业结构形成了共享的劳动力市场，贸易区内劳动力的国际流动，会促进贸易区内各国经济的发展。     

马克思人的本质观探析

马克思在其思想发展的不同阶段,对人的本质有着不同的论述。以往有的论者,常常局限于马克思的某 一经典论述来探讨人的本质,未着眼于马克思完整意义上的人的本质观。马克思认识人的本质的方法论原则:实 践——社会——现实的人。     

转轨时期我国小农经济改造思想演变与争议

改造小农经济是转轨时期社会主义建设的最艰巨的任务之一。本从家庭经营、规模经营、农业产业化、农村剩余劳动力、农地制度创新等5个方面总结了理论界对小农经济改造的争议与研究，并认为改造小农经济应以邓小平“两个飞跃”理论作为理论基础。     

论我国农民集体土地所有权

我国农村集体土地所有权法律地位不明的一个根本原因是缺少对农村集体土地的物权制度设计,传统上对农村集体土地的公有制设计是从政治经济的意义出发的。在坚持集体土地公有制的前提下,认可集体土地所有权是民法上的私权利大有裨益,由此也有必要赋予每一个“农民集体”以法人地位,并精心设计该法人的治理结构,从而成为确保我国社会主义公有制得以实现的一种良好的方式。     

人口出生率地区差异的新兴古典经济学解释

新兴古典经济学中,经济组织的主要功能是降低分工生产中的交易费用.家庭区别于自由契约组织(市场与企业)的特征在于成员身份确定的血缘原则,而正是这一特征决定了家庭组织分工生产的功能在分工深化过程中从主到次的逐步退化规律.经济功能的退化导致平均家庭规模以及出生率持续下降,这一结论在中国省际数据的计量分析中得到了进一步的验证.     

"三农"问题新论——在城市化进程中解决三农问题

我国市场经济改革和经济发展的首要任务是农村的货币化和城市化,"三农问题"是当前我国经济结构中最重大的问题.在我国经济高速发展的同时,我国经济也存在着沦为"富人经济"的巨大风险.在这个问题上,提高农业劳动生产率和发展乡镇企业都不能从根本上解决问题,只有通过城市化、通过高速发展的经济来迅速转移农村剩余劳动力,实现农民市民化、农业工业化才能解决"三农"问题,才能使我国经济健康运行.     

国外农村劳动力迁移理论的演变与发展

根据对农村劳动力迁移决策的不同解释,把国外有关劳动力迁移的主要文献分为三类:传统的劳动力迁移理论(包括刘易斯模型、拉尼斯-费景汉模型、托达罗模型)、人力资本劳动力迁移理论和新劳动力迁移理论.目前国内研究劳动力迁移的文献主要以传统劳动力迁移理论和人力资本劳动力迁移理论为研究基础,而对新劳动力迁移理论的借鉴和应用还比较罕见,因此值得我们学习和研究.     

Evaluating Projects and Assessing Sustainable Development in Imperfect Economies

We are interested in three related questions:(1) How should accounting prices be estimated?(2) How should we evaluate policy change in animperfect economy? (3) How can we check whetherintergenerational well-being will be sustainedalong a projected economic programme? We do notpresume that the economy is convex, nor do weassume that the government optimizes on behalfof its citizens. We show that the same set ofaccounting prices should be used both forpolicy evaluation and for assessing whether ornot intergenerational welfare along a giveneconomic path will be sustained. We also showthat a comprehensive measure of wealth,computed in terms of the accounting prices, canbe used as an index for problems (2) and (3)above. The remainder of the paper is concernedwith rules for estimating the accounting pricesof several specific environmental naturalresources, transacted in a few well knowneconomic institutions.     

Teams, Firms and the Evolution of Profit Seeking Behavior

Even as advances in information theory over the last quarter century have cast increasing doubt on the proposition that firms successfully maximize profits, the objective of profit maximization continues to be an axiomatic feature of the neoclassical theory of the firm. This paper attempts to improve our understanding firms by treating the objective function as an open question. Specifically, an ontogenetic thought experiment is undertaken to address the question of what differentiates production teams from firms by asking why team members would sell their control rights to a principal, thereby transforming the team into a firm. What results is an account of the emergence of the objective of profit seeking. Profit seeking emerges endogenously as a more fit alternative than the objective of value maximization, which is less capable of coping with uncertainty through purposive adaptation.     

Trade and Renewable Resources in a Second Best World: An Overview

We provide an overview and introduction to the emerging field of trade and renewable resources, and discuss the potential impact of trade liberalization on welfare and resource conservation. A key factor determining the effect of trade reform is the institutional context or property rights regime, and our survey is organized such that it loosely follows the development of new insights with respect to institutions in this literature. This implies a transition from the benevolent planners model to the polar opposite benchmark of open access in the 1990s. Currently the pendulum is swinging back towards management and regulation, but institutions are treated as endogenous. We discuss and compare various key models in some detail and search for common ground between protagonists and antagonists of free trade. Paper based on Keynote address by Erwin Bulte, 12th Annual Conference of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, Bilbao (Spain), June 28–30, 2003.