基于DEA模型的地方公共文化财政支出绩效评价——以青岛市为例

提高公共文化服务水平是地方政府加强财政管理的重要内容之一,评价地方公共文化财政支出绩效成为促进文化事业发展的关键。近年来,青岛市地方公共文化财政支出规模不断上升,但与市域范围内基本公共文化服务均等化要求相比尚有一定差距,亟需进行地方公共文化财政支出的绩效评价。DEA模型实证分析结果表明:青岛市公共文化财政支出的综合技术效率不高,公共文化资源供给能力存在较大提升空间;规模效率呈下降趋势,公共文化财政投入能力尚未达到最佳;纯技术效率上下波动,公共文化财政支出服务能力缺乏稳定性。鉴于此,建立多元化的公共文化资金来源机制、形成公共文化财政投入的稳定增长机制、完善相关财政资金绩效考核机制成为当前青岛市提高地方公共文化财政支出绩效的客观选择。     

对优化我国财政农业支出问题的思考

在国际金融危机下,我国采取积极的财政政策,加大了对"三农"工作的投入。通过分析我国财政政策投资领域方向、财政农业支出的现状与存在的问题,以及财政农业支出与国内生产总值之间的相关系数与回归模型,提出优化我国财政农业支出的对策与建议,促进农村与农业发展,不断增加农民收入。     

农业名牌战略实现路径研究

实施农业名牌战略、提高农产品市场竞争力,是实现农民增收、农业增效、农村经济全面发展的重要措施.要实施农业名牌战略,必须实现农业名牌产品的质量标准化、生产规模化、保护法制化.质量标准化是农业名牌产品质量和安全的重要保证;生产规模化是质量标准化的保证和名牌成功与否的重要标志;建立健全名牌农产品的法制化保护机制,是实施农产品名牌战略的制度保障.     

大学生医疗保险的现状分析与政策改进——基于内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市6所高校的实证研究

通过对呼和浩特市6所高校的学生访谈和问卷调查，分析得出：将大学生纳入城镇居民基本医疗保险试点范围的政策，初步实现了与公费医疗的制度转换，但还有不少问题，需要进一步的改进和完善。笔者认为，要根据大学生的生理特点、经济承受能力以及对医疗保险的需求意愿，坚持分责制的建制理念，以“重预防、保大病”为重点，建立一种以疾病预防保健为基础，基本医疗保险为核心，大额医疗保险为应急和商业保险为辅助的大学生医疗保障模式。     

腐败与公共支出结构问题研究——基于我国城市数据的实证分析

现有研究一致认为腐败会促使财政支出规模膨胀,导致公共支出结构扭曲。本文采用我国东、中、西部120个城市的经验证据,实证检验了地方政府腐败对公共支出结构的影响,并提出了相应的政策建议。实证研究发现,腐败显著提高了行政管理支出的比重,但其对经济建设支出相对规模的影响则是不确定的。     

Analysis of Korean millennials’ travel expenditure patterns: an almost ideal demand system approach

ABSTRACT

Generational cohorts can differ in their consumption patterns and preferred travel behavior. As the millennial generation represents an important economic force and influences new consumption trends, this study utilizes nationwide data and almost ideal demand system (AIDS) approach to examine expenditure patterns of Korean travelers during holidays. In this process, the joint effects of travel-related characteristics are also examined. The results of the AIDS estimation on data from 871 domestic travelers reveal significantly different travel expenditure patterns for cohorts. The findings contribute to furthering the understanding of how different generational cohorts allocate their travel budgets to respective travel expenditure categories.     

Expenditure Pattern for Food Away from Home Consumption in Turkey

ABSTRACT

One of the largest recent changes in consumer food purchasing behavior is the trend towards greater consumption of food eaten outside the home. Between 1994 and 2000, the share of total food expenditures spent on food away from home (FAFH) increased from 7 to 15% with an increasing share for fast-food facilities. This study focuses on whether demographic and socioeconomic factors have detectable effects on Turkish FAFH expenditures. This question is of interest because previous studies suggest that increasing household income, education, female labor participation and changing lifestyle especially in developing countries increased household FAFH consumption share but decreased food at home consumption share. However, no study to our knowledge has examined the combined effect of income, education, employment, and family status on Turkish FAFH consumption. The data for this research were obtained from personal interviews of representative sample households of the province of Adana in Turkey. The findings of this study generally indicate that restaurant facilities, employment of wife and education, composition of household, and income are statistically significant determinants of FAFH consumption.     

工业系统知识体系和耦合特征的研究评述

知识系统及耦合特征是产业技术经济和组织管理领域的学者关注的重要概念,国外相关研究成果十分丰富。有关模块化、系统集成的概念、范围和相互关系,仍然存在很大争议。文章从知识分类的视角出发,评述相关问题的论争,归纳总结已有研究的缺陷和未来的改进方向。     

Can household-based food consumption surveys be used to make inferences about nutrient intakes and inadequacies? A Bangladesh case study

Household Consumption and Expenditures Surveys (HCES) are increasingly being used to make inferences about individual food consumption, despite the fact that they collect food data at only the household level. Usually the analysis assumes that the household’s food is distributed among its members in direct proportion to each member’s share of the household’s total energy requirements; what is referred to as the adult male equivalent (AME) approach. Using the 2011–2012 Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey—which collected consumption data for all members of rural households using combined 24-hour recall (24HR) and food weighing methods—this study directly compared probability-based average estimates of intakes, intake gaps, and the prevalence of inadequacies as estimated by the 24HR and those calculated using the AME approach for energy and each of four micronutrients: vitamin A, iron, zinc, and calcium.At the population level, for iron, vitamin A, and calcium, more than 97% of all individuals had the same estimated prevalence of adequate or inadequate nutrient intakes using 24HR and AME-based estimates. In the case of energy and zinc, roughly 77 and 83% of the sample population had identical adequacy statuses, respectively. The magnitude of inadequacies (the nutrient gaps) differed by 8 percentage points for energy and less than 3 percentage points for the four micronutrients. Disaggregating intakes and inadequacies by age groups revealed that the vast majority of variance between the two methods was highly concentrated in the first few years of life. Children 3 years of age and younger constituted 7.5% of the population but had 13.1% of the inconsistencies in intake adequacy status. 54% of children 3 and under had at least one pair of inconsistent prevalence estimates. While there are important differences in the levels of estimated energy and micronutrient intakes using 24HR and the AME-based estimates for children 3 and under, the results are remarkably comparable for the rest of the population.     

Understanding the retirement-consumption puzzle through the lens of food consumption-fuzzy regression-discontinuity evidence from urban China

This paper provides an understanding of the widely-documented retirement-consumption puzzle from the perspective of food consumption. Exploiting the mandatory retirement age cut-off for public-sector male employees in urban China to obtain a source of exogenous variation in their retirement status, this paper identifies the causal impacts of retirement on four major aspects of their food consumption: food expenditure, time spent in food acquisition, the quantity and quality of food consumed. Based on data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, our fuzzy regression-discontinuity analysis finds that, consistent with the retirement-consumption puzzle, retirement reduces elderly males’ total food expenditure by 49–55%. However, retirement barely changes the quantity of food they consume (measured by total calorie intakes). Further analysis suggests that elderly males substitute time for money in food acquisition upon retirement, which helps to reconcile the differential impacts of retirement on food expenditure and food consumption. Finally, retirement greatly changes elderly males’ diet structure. They consume significantly less food with animal origins (and thus less fat and protein) and more grains (and thus more carbohydrate) upon retirement, which undermines their diet balance by the standards provided by the Chinese Nutrition Association.