多级政府级次下的经济增长与财政支出规模优化研究

笔者在巴罗经济增长模型的基础上,建立了一个两级政府提供公共物品的经济增长数理模型,说明政府级次划分对经济增长绩效的影响.并采用计量分析的方法,分别对我国中央政府与地方政府财政事权划分的合理性、最优事权划分标准进行了检验与测算.     

中国横向税收竞争如何影响雾霾污染——基于环保支出中介效应的研究

分税制改革以来,省级政府间税收竞争激化带来的环境污染问题正在逐步凸现。在此背景下,首先从理论层面分析了税收竞争、环保支出及雾霾污染的关系,并提出假说;其次建立空间杜宾模型测度了税收竞争对雾霾污染的直接效应、间接效应和总效应,并利用中介效应方法实证检验了税收竞争通过环保支出对雾霾污染的作用路径。研究结果表明,税收竞争显著加剧了本地区雾霾污染,但是其间接效应和总效应并不显著;此外,环保支出是税收竞争影响雾霾污染的一个主要中介变量。     

财政收支、货币供给与经济增长关系及变化趋势

运用向量误差修正模型、Wald系数约束检验,对我国财政收支、货币供给与经济增长关系进行实证分析。研究发现:在短期内,财政收支、货币供给是经济增长的Granger原因,财政收支、经济增长是货币供给增加的Granger原因;但从长期看,财政收支、货币供给与经济增长的因果关系不显著。因此,结合当前我国人民币升值压力和通胀预期的实际,应将财政政策与货币供给政策配合使用,即数量型工具和价格型工具要搭配,短期政策和长期政策要相搭配。     

地方政府支出规模与结构的居民收入分配效应及制度根源

本文以中国居民营养和健康调查数据为基础,考察了地方政府支出规模与结构的居民收入分配效应及其制度根源。研究表明,地方政府支出规模与结构总体上加剧了我国省份居民收入分配状况的恶化,其中经济性支出比重增加带来的不利影响更为突出,社会支出比重的影响并不显著。财政分权体制对地方政府支出规模与结构的居民收入分配效应具有重要影响:支出分权总体上加剧了地方政府支出规模与结构对省份居民收入分配的不利影响,收入分权则有助于遏制地方政府支出规模对城镇居民收入差距以及经济性支出比重对城乡收入差距的负面效应,但也强化了社会性支出比重对居民收入分配的不利影响。     

大股东地位、产权属性与控制权利益获取——基于大宗股权交易视角的分析

文章利用2006-2010年发生的大宗股权交易事件,对大股东获取控制权利益行为进行分析。研究结论表明,大股东在所有权结构中的控制能力越强,能够获取的控制权利益水平就越高,但是与非控股大股东相比,处于控股地位的大股东更倾向于以私有收益的方式实现控制权利益;与非国有股东相比,国有性质的股东更倾向于以私有收益的方式实现控制权利益;较好的市场环境能够有效抑制获取控制权私利行为,尤其是对控股大股东和国有性质股东获取私利行为的作用程度和效果更明显。     

Economic Effect of Zoning Regulations on Korea's Small and Medium‐Sized Retailers*

In this paper, we investigated the economic effects of zoning regulations on the retail industry in Korea. We estimated the changes in the number of sales for retail stores using a panel regression analysis for stores in traditional markets. This analysis was conducted to examine the benefit of zoning regulations on retail stores. Our results show that the zoning regulations (called Traditional Commercial Activity Protection Zones) have contributed to an improvement in the actual business performance of small independent retailers. We found that the amount of sales for each store clearly increased on average in the areas designated as Traditional Commercial Activity Protection Zones where there was no market entry of mega supermarket chains (called SSM in Korea). We also present evidence that the effects of this policy differ geographically: the effects were stronger for small and medium cities than for large metropolitan cities. These results suggest that zoning regulations enacted by the government to protect traditional markets and small retailers should also consider regional differences when assessing policy effectiveness.     

Modelling distribution of aggregate expenditure on tourism

The aim of this article is to obtain a statistical distribution that describes the aggregate expenditure of tourists related to their length of stay at a given location. This distribution enables us to estimate two parameters simultaneously; one controls the length of stay and the other, the expense incurred. We propose two distribution models, for which closed-form expressions are obtained. Covariates are introduced in order to study the factors that affect the aggregate expenditure. The results obtained indicate that the models achieve a reasonably good fit, with and without covariates.     

Limit theorems for reflected Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes

This paper studies one‐dimensional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) processes, with the distinguishing feature that they are reflected on a single boundary (put at level 0) or two boundaries (put at levels 0 and d > 0). In the literature, they are referred to as reflected OU (ROU) and doubly reflected OU (DROU), respectively. For both cases, we explicitly determine the decay rates of the (transient) probability to reach a given extreme level. The methodology relies on sample‐path large deviations, so that we also identify the associated most likely paths. For DROU, we also consider the ‘idleness process’ L_t and the ‘loss process’ U_t, which are the minimal non‐decreasing processes, which make the OU process remain ≥ 0 and ≤ d, respectively. We derive central limit theorems (CLTs) for U_t and L_t, using techniques from stochastic integration and the martingale CLT.     

后路隧道施工重点及难点分析研究

本文主要以中石化中原建设工程有限公司承建的海西天然气管网二期工程-后路隧道工程为例,分析研究大坡度、小断面隧道施工中的控制重点、难点及相关处理措施,并通过对隧道开挖的重点环节进行分析研究来确定相应的应对措施,旨在为今后类似情况的隧道施工提供科学依据。     

大跨度钢箱梁顶推施工计算分析

本文以武汉市江汉六桥顶推施工为背景,利用有限元软件对大跨度钢箱梁桥顶推施工过程中主梁以及导梁的受力和变形进行了研究,并提出了相关建议,为同类钢箱梁桥梁顶推施工提供参考。