美国社会转型时期女性的困境——对赫思嘉的重新解读

《飘》的作者从女性的视角敏锐地揭示了美国南北内战后南方发生的重大社会转型中，女性社会功能越位，被迫承担原本不属于自己的社会角色，由此陷入种种困境：小说女主人公赫思嘉身份归属的迷惘，爱情的迷失和亲情、友情的疏离等。事实上，任何社会的转型都或多或少使女性陷入转型困境，对此，现代女性应有清醒的认识。     

Examining Female Entrepreneurs' Management Style: An Application of a Relational Frame

This paper reports the results of a qualitative analysis of female entrepreneurs' accounts of their role in their organizations using Relational Theory as the analytical frame. Content analysis of focus group comments indicated that the women used a relational approach in working with employees and clients. Relational skills included preserving, mutual empowering, achieving, and creating team. Findings demonstrate that Relational Theory is a useful frame for identifying and explicating women entrepreneurs' interactive style in their own businesses. Implications and future directions for research are discussed.     

太平天国妇女解放探讨

太平天国时期的天朝政权对妇女问题曾有过一定的政策规定，该文从太平天国政权下男女两性的地位、禁止缠足法令的通过以及当时的婚姻状况三个方面，论证了太平天国时期没有采取过解放妇女的措施，太平天国时期的妇女没有获得真正意义上的解放。     

Violent crime and female victimization: evidence from metropolitan regions in South Korea

In the economics of crime literature, victimization by crime has received less attention than the supply side of crime. This article investigates the relationship between violent crime and female victimization. We show that violent crime increases with both the overall female exposure and female proportion in the victim-target group. Potential interactions between these female characteristics and income inequality are also shown to influence the incidence of violent crime. Empirically, we introduce proxies for female characteristics that better reflect our hypotheses – for example, young unmarried female-headed households (for exposure to crime) and new job gains among females (for economic status). Using a panel of South Korean metropolitan regions, 2000–2011, we find that a certain limited change in these female characteristics could account for as much as 16% of violent crime.     

支持模式：农村妇女进村委——基于六种模式的比较与借鉴

当前农村妇女占农村总人口半数以上,经济政治女性化是农村今后相当长一段时间内的突出表现[1]。农村妇女已成为村庄的核心力量,也是参与村委会选举、推动村委会选举制度不断完善的重要力量[2],其参与村民自治的重要性毋庸讳言,然而妇女进村委的比例很低。造成这种状况的原因众多,有经济制约论、文化不利论、角色冲突论、资源有限论、妇女弱势论等等,文章仅从选举制度层面加以阐释,通过对现有的具有代表性的六种模式的比较,找出各种模式的可借鉴之处。     

斯皮瓦克的“属下女性”批评论

佳亚特里·C·斯皮瓦克是美国当下最活跃的后殖民批评家之一,她始终站在女性的立场上,以“属下女性”为批评和关注的焦点,运用马克思主义和解构主义等策略,坚定不移地针对资本主义后工业时代的种种问题进行着文化文本政治批判,因此她将自己描述成“实践性的解构主义女性马克思主义者”。她的“属下”概念是其后殖民批评的理论根基,又是其女权主义批评的精髓所在。从“属下”出发,通过解构和批判,她剥去笼罩在“属下女性”身上的各种权利话语对女性主体意识的遮蔽,揭露出帝国主义文化霸权对第三世界的统治和压迫,并通过解构历史的方法为属下的主体意识去蔽,批评矛头直指西方的话语霸权和认知断裂。     

Women, Management and Globalization in the Middle East

This paper provides new theoretical insights into the interconnections and relationships between women, management and globalization in the Middle East (ME). The discussion is positioned within broader globalization debates about women’s social status in ME economies. Based on case study evidence and the UN datasets, the article critiques social, cultural and economic reasons for women’s limited advancement in the public sphere. These include the prevalence of the patriarchal work contract within public and private institutions, as well as cultural and ethical values which create strongly defined gender roles. The discussion examines the complexities of conceptualizing women’s equality and empowerment in Islamic states. The paper reveals that there have been significant achievements in advancing women in leadership and political roles, but that there are still institutional and cultural barriers embedded in business systems. Linking feminist, development and management theoretical strands a development framework is proposed which is sensitive to the Islamic Shar’ia encompassing government, organization and individual level strategies. It is suggested that scholars should integrate literatures from gender and management, development and Middle East studies, and in particular that critical scholars of gender and organization should consider the interrelations of the national and transnational in critiques of contemporary global capitalism to understand the complexity of women and social change in the ME.     

Globalization,labor standards,and women's rights: dilemmas of collective (in)action in an interdependent world

This paper challenges the idea that a “social clause” to enforce global labor standards through international trade agreements serves the interests of women export workers in poor countries. Drawing on fieldwork in Bangladesh and empirical studies, the author argues that exploitative as these jobs appear to Western reformers, for many women workers in the South they represent genuine opportunities. Clearly, these women would wish to better their working conditions; yet having no social safety net, and knowing that jobs in the informal economy, their only alternative, offer far worse prospects, women cannot fight for better conditions. Moreover, global efforts to enforce labor standards through trade sanctions may lead to declining employment or to the transfer of jobs to the informal economy. Lacking measures that also address the conditions of workers in this informal economy, demands for “the social clause” will reinforce, and may exacerbate, social inequalities in the labor market.     

Human Capital Formation and the Decision Makers

Recent empirical work has identified the existence of cultural filters — demographically non-neutral processes whereby employers differentially screen applicants to evaluative attributes and characteristics - and analyzed how they affect differential employment success rates and wage levels. Women are filtered differently than men, and the outcome is disproportionately lower levels of employment and wages. The analysis explores the proposition that, for women to obtain long-term employment at reasonable wages, alternative strategies for workforce participation should be developed at the regional level to better match needs of employers - and the way they filter applicants for those needs, through investment in the target population.