The relationship between domestic and outward foreign direct investment: The role of industry-specific effects

Previous research has been inconclusive as regards the effect of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic investments. In this article, we show that this inconclusiveness can be explained at a disaggregated level as a function of the way industries are organized. Based on a simple theoretical framework including monitoring and trade costs, we argue that a complementary relationship can be expected to prevail in vertically integrated industries, whereas a substitutionary relationship can be expected in horizontally organized production. The empirical analysis confirms a significant difference between the two categories of industry as regards the impact of outward FDI on domestic investment. The results may thus have profound policy implications. JEL no. F12, F21, F23, G34.     

英语阅读中词语意义的推断论略

对于提高学生的阅读能力,过去大多是重视语法与结构并对句子进行分析,而忽略了词语的真正意义的快速理解.如果词语的意义能掌握好且推断能力强,这对读者来说既省时又省力.我国加入WTO以后,各国科技贸易等的交流越来越广,英语中涉及到大量的特色语言,但有的在字典里未必能查到其真正含义,因此对词语的意义进行科学的推断便显得尤为重要.     

Pursuing Sustainable Development： A Comment on China as the Largest Foreign Investment Recipient

This paper examines the role of foreign investment in China with particular focus on its implications for environment. It shows that most of investments generate both positive and negative effects on China＇s environment. Many of these projects are located in the so-called pollution-intensive industries. This paper tries to elaborate the existing greater environmental implications by the foreign investments. It is concluded that only by honestly evaluating the environmental and social impact of liberalizing trade and investment can China determine whether expand or contract foreign capital utilization for further development.     

How to Determine the Financial Structure of an Enterprise

The financial structure is the proportion of every part of the capital in an enterprise. Whether the financial structure is scientific or not has an important impact on the risk degree, development prospect and profit-making ability of the enterprise. In this thesis, the author will discuss how to determine the financial structure of an enterprise scientifically.     

自由现金流量假说的实证研究--基于我国上市公司的分产业数据

Michael Jensen自由现全流量假说的提出，为综合解决企业投资、融资和股利分配问题提供了新的思路。我们依据Jensen的假说和Gup的实证研究方法，以我国沪市上市公司为样本，通过对不同产业的投资、融资、财务杠杆等进行分析，验证了自由现金流量假说在我国上市公司中的符合性，并针对发现的管理问题提出相应的管理建议，旨在降低由自由现金流量引起的代理成本。     

Dynamic Effects of Information Disclosure on Investment Efficiency

This paper studies how information disclosure affects investment efficiency and investor welfare in a dynamic setting in which a firm makes sequential investments to adjust its capital stock over time. We show that the effects of accounting disclosures on investment efficiency and investor welfare crucially depend on whether such disclosures convey information about the firm's future capital stock (i.e., balance sheet) or about its future operating cash flows (i.e., earnings). Specifically, investment efficiency and investor welfare unambiguously increase in the precision of disclosures that convey information about the future capital stock, since such disclosures mitigate the current owners' incentives to underinvest. In contrast, when accounting reports provide information about future cash flows, the firm can have incentives to either under‐ or overinvest depending on the precision of accounting reports and the expected growth in demand. For such disclosures, investment efficiency and investor welfare are maximized by an intermediate level of precision. The two types of accounting disclosures act as substitutes in that the precision of capital stock disclosures that maximizes investment efficiency (and investor welfare) decreases as cash flow disclosures become more informative and vice versa.     

企业财务决策同伴效应研究述评与展望

传统企业财务理论大多假设企业最优财务决策只与其自身特征或自身决策相关,而独立于其他企业的决策行为。近年来,国外学者将社会学领域中的同伴效应引入企业财务决策行为研究框架,为企业财务决策开辟了新的研究视角。本文首先从理论上介绍能够解释财务决策同伴效应的三种交互机制,并从"企业财务决策是否具有同伴效应"与"财务决策同伴效应产生机制"两个方面对现有实证研究成果进行系统梳理,接着详细介绍了同伴效应模型与识别条件、存在的内生性问题以及解决对策,最后结合现有研究现状与趋势指出未来研究方向,以期为国内学者开展企业财务决策同伴效应研究起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

Impact of China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment on Its Regional Economic Growth

This paper investigates the impact of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on its economic growth. By using a provincial‐level panel dataset and applying fixed‐effects and instrumental variable regression techniques, the study finds that both OFDI from provincial firms and OFDI from state‐owned enterprises have a positive impact on China's provincial economic growth. The positive impact of OFDI on provincial economic growth may be the result of reverse knowledge spillovers from OFDI to the home provincial economy through demonstration and imitation, labor movement, and backward and forward industrial linkages, thus increasing the productivity and the efficiency of home firms and promoting the growth of the home economy.     

Popular Support for Climate Change Mitigation: Evidence from a General Population Mail Survey

Using a sample of 1,651 US households, we explore some determinants of willingness to pay (WTP) for climate change mitigation programs. Our mail survey had a relatively low response rate, so we first use several additional data sources to build a detailed sample selection model. This model uses features of the survey instrument, measures of geographic vulnerability to climate change, seasonality, the political mix in the county, attributes of the address or addressee, and a set of factor scores from an extensive factor analysis of all census tracts in the US. We estimate this model jointly with a model to explain climate policy preferences as a function of the domestic and international distribution of policy costs as well as the climate change impacts that each respondent believes will occur under a policy of business-as-usual. Despite statistically significant patterns of nonresponse, selectivity effects are minimal in this case. WTP for climate change mitigation is greater when the domestic incidence of mitigation costs is borne mostly through higher energy taxes. It is also greater when costs are understood to be shared internationally with other groups of countries, rather than being borne mostly by a country group including the US. People are generally more willing to pay for climate change mitigation if they believe that the harm caused by climate change impacts will be substantial, rather than just moderate. The assistance of former UCLA undergraduate students Ivka Adam, Tashi Ghale, Michelle Gogolewski, Vilija Gulbinas, and Lindy Olsson was essential to survey development and administration. This paper is based upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 9818875 to UCLA, with additional support from the Raymond F. Mikesell Foundation at the University of Oregon. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of either the National Science Foundation or ICF International.