面向Google搜索引擎的优化技术

针对Google搜索引擎,提出了网站优化策略。从导航优化、链接优化和页面优化等角度进行了分析。本文有益于网站的初级优化。     

Assessing the effects of access policies on travel mode choices in an Alpine tourist destination

Alternative Transportation Systems (ATS) can contribute to an overall reduction of visitation-related impacts in natural areas if their design and management are informed by a clear understanding of the factors influencing visitors’ mode choice. This is particularly relevant in areas served by multiple alternative transportation options at different locations because mode choices in this case can largely modify visitation patterns. This study investigated mode choices in a popular hiking area of the Dolomites (Italian Alps) that is reachable by car, bus, and lifts (i.e. cable car and chairlift). A stated preference survey was used to elicit visitor sensitivities to a series of management and experiential conditions, while simulation was applied to predict mode choice as a consequence of various access policies. While indicating lift as the most preferred transportation option, results suggest the existence of two main kinds of visitor: one preferring road-accessible trailheads and another preferring lift-accessible trailheads. These two kinds seem to reflect a traditional view (i.e., very sensitive to fares, road closures, and overcrowding) and a more modern one (i.e., moderately sensitive to lift fares, relatively insensitive to crowding), respectively. Simulations performed for both groups led to four management principles: road traffic is not reduced significantly without disincentives for car use; overly cheap lift fares are counterproductive; fare-frequency trade-off is key to ensure adequate bus ridership within both groups; and road closures may be comprehensively more effective than road tolls. The findings of this study may support managers and administrators in setting up access policies that better preserve natural resources and visitors’ recreational experience.     

外军数据链与武器平台一体化设计的进展与发展经验

<正>加入WTO强化了"以外促内"、"以开放促改革"的作用,不仅使中国获得了两个市场、两种资源,更广泛地融入全球产业分工,更重要的是为我们借鉴国际成功经验,选择适合国情的发展模式创造了条件。中国企业应在深化对外开放中壮大自己。     

Information Spillovers and the Choice of Export Destination: A Multinomial Logit Analysis of Spanish Young SMEs

Does having more firms around exporting to a particular destination improve the chances of exporting to that destination (e.g. through information spillovers)? We answer this question implementing a multinomial logit model of whether a firm exports to a particular country. To identify the source of information spillovers, we construct indicators of geographical concentration of exporters selling to a specific destination: within industry, multinationals and across industries. In our application with data for Spanish new small sized firms, only within-industry agglomeration of exporting domestic firms significantly affects the probability of small sized firms exporting to the same destination. The significance of localisation economies is robust to a barrage of controls including destination specific characteristics, gravitational factors (distance and level of development), firm heterogeneity (size) and regional differences.     

A nested logit model of strategic promotion

This paper presents a test of the nature of the pricing and promotion game played by supermarket retailers in a large, U.S. market. Using a nested-logit modeling approach, the results show that retailers set discount depth and promotional frequency in a manner that is less competitive than Bertrand. We also find that the elasticity of substitution among competing stores is lower than among products within each store, but not equal to zero. Therefore, sales do cannibalize existing products, but can also build a significant amount of store-traffic. Relative to strategic factors, price promotions have their greatest impact on store-conditional product demand.

从IMC到整合营销的分析及发展逻辑

IMC是20世纪90年代营销界的一个重要内容。从IMC发展到整合营销理论是营销理论发展的合理逻辑。整合营销理论是以4C、5R等为分析的基础,顾客导向和竞争导向的平衡为其发展的战略逻辑。各利害关系人的互惠最大化是整合营销理论进一步发展的关键。     

Differences in travel objectives between first‐time and repeat tourists: An empirical analysis for the Kansai area in Japan

This study investigates the differences in travel objectives between first‐time and repeat tourists. We conduct a questionnaire survey of travel agencies, which asked about specific tour plan for target tourists, their experiences and travel objectives in the Kansai area in Japan. We estimate a logit model for the relationship between travel objectives and visiting experiences. The results indicate that the first‐time tourists' main objective is to enjoy looking around sightseeing spots, while the repeat tourists' objective is simply to enjoy the stay, including the hotel visit and participating in events. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparing Ranking and Contingent Valuation for Valuing Human Lives, Applying Nested and Non-Nested Logit Models

The aim of this paper is to investigate whetherrespondents perceive a discrete-choice contingentvaluation (DC-CVM) question differently from a rankingquestion. We combine the two approaches to valuepublic projects that try to prevent people from dyingprematurely. The combined valuation procedure enablesus to investigate the internal consistency of theutility structure between choices, applying nested andnon-nested logit models. If the preference structureis allowed to shift, the relative utility weights ofthe attributes differ between the valuation questions,and the willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimate from thecombined procedure changes.     

基于时间效能的一种通信链路干扰评估模型

对采用高性能自适应编码调制(ACM)的通信链路干扰进行评估,提出了可度量的时间效能评估指标。在分析基于延迟传输时间的评估原理之后,推导了三种定量的评估计算模型。典型数值仿真结果说明了模型的合理性和有效性,最后给出的实施方案保证了评估模型对实际链路干扰评估的可行性。