A Gay Tourism Market

ABSTRACT

There is a commonly held view that gay men, in particular, are frequent and intensive holiday-makers. This is explained by reference to distinctive characteristics relating to income and leisure time and to distinctive values and attitudes. Gay men's travel patterns are believed to be unique and such as to offer good prospects to those, such as tour operators and hoteliers, willing to target this market. The evidence for these beliefs is examined in this article. Many of the assertions are based on limited-coverage survey samples; recent US evidence suggests that the very positive views of the economic status and distinct purchasing patterns of gays are exaggerated. It is, nonetheless, apparent that there is a market segment that it is 'economic' to target but which is unlikely to be representative of gay men. It is apparent that existing surveys are incomplete and are an inappropriate basis for targeting the gay consumer. The article also includes a discussion of marketing approaches to which, it is claimed, gay men are responsive. Whilst the targeting of the gay tourism market does have the effect of validating gay lifestyles, the article includes discussion of other more negative issues that may flow from the perpetuation of the 'myth' of the affluent, care-free gay con-sumer. These include issues such as the generation of a false sense of liberation and distraction from the pursuit of more fundamental aspects of equality. Lifestyle marketing in the context of the gay tourism market has wider and significant implications than those that are usually of direct concern to the marketer; they reach to the core of the nature of homosexuality and its acceptance in society.     

Sustainable Transport,Market Segmentation and Tourism: The Looe Valley Branch Line Railway,Cornwall, UK

This paper uses cluster analysis, a form of a posteriori market segmentation, to understand the attitudes of tourists and the local community towards using the Looe Valley Branch Railway Line. The research revealed five segments of users distinguished by their attitudes towards using the train. Following this, the paper discusses the implications of the survey findings for attracting more people to use the Looe Valley Line. It sets its findings in the context of the sustainable tourism aims of reducing transport congestion and emissions, as well as recent work on assessing the scope for sustainable transport development in the leisure and tourism markets.     

旅游市场效率及其博弈分析--以旅行社产品为例

虽然我国旅游业发展迅速，国际、国内旅游收入总量大，但是旅游企业的效益和整体市场效率却较低，旅游供需处在一种低水平的均衡点上，为什么会产生这种现象呢?本文以旅行社产品为例，从旅游市场低效率的原因入手，通过对旅游市场博弈及其均衡结果的分析，指出目前只有政府加强市场监督管理，才是提高旅游市场效率的最佳策略选择。     

Market shares analysis: The Case of French Tourism Demand

This paper examines the magnitudes and determinants of changes in destinations’ shares of a major tourist origin market. The Almost Ideal Demand System model is used to quantify the responsiveness of French tourism demand in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom to changes in relative prices, exchange rates, tourists’ expenditure budget, and external events. The results indicate that effective price competitiveness is a key variable driving changes in market shares. Policymakers who wish to maintain their shares of the French market should pay particular attention to tourism pricing policies, as well as to improving the tourism offer.     

蜜月游市场特征的相关与回归分析——针对北京常住居民蜜月游市场

在我国,蜜月游市场发展迅猛,潜力巨大,收益率颇高.特别值得注意的是,我们调研发现:高收入者与非高收入者共享蜜月游这一高端旅游产品.为此我们进行了相关的定量分析,以进一步研究其发展脉络,揭示其变动趋势,为政府主管部门及相关旅游企业提供决策依据.     

The impact of reporting frequency on the information quality of share price: evidence from Chinese state-owned enterprises

As a major global exchange, the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK) only requires semi-annual reporting whereas other major exchanges including the ones in Chinese mainland require quarterly reporting. We argue against the traditional view that higher reporting frequency is necessarily more beneficial. The decision on reporting frequency depends on how the information is being processed by the recipient traders and the results are not obvious. Using a sample of Chinese companies duallisted in both China A share market and SEHK (AH shares) as the experimental group and mainland’s companies listed on SEHK (H shares) only as the control group, we apply the difference-in-difference (DID) method to investigate the impacts of reporting frequency on stock information quality. The results suggest that after China A share market require quarterly financial reporting for all listed companies in 2002, the information asymmetry of the H tranche of AH stocks increases. Different from prior studies, the results suggest a negative association between stock information quality and financial reporting frequency. We argue that the increased information asymmetry in the H tranche is caused by the noise spilled over from the A tranche. We conduct multivariable GARCH tests and find evidence supporting this conjecture.     

氧化微晶蜡生产的技术经济分析

简要介绍了微晶蜡氧化工艺及氧化微晶蜡产品特点，并对其进行了初步经济评价，同时对氧化微晶蜡下游产品如防锈蜡，乳化蜡及塑料润滑用蜡等进行了市场分析，最后给出了氧化微晶蜡下游产品生产的若干建议。     

上海经济适用房的理性发展和市场走势

经济适用房解决的是中低收入群体的住房困难,而商品房市场主要是为中等收入或高收入群体改善居住条件提供资源,两者在目标客户群上有明显的不同。经济适用房虽然会对附近商品房的价格产生一定影响,但不会对全市整体房价造成很大冲击。     

旅游市场秩序刍论

随着我国旅游业的迅速发展，旅游市场出现了不利于我国旅游业健康发展的现明，诸如利用行政权力乱收费，假冒、低于成本价格倾销等，坚决取缔和严厉制止这些不利于我国旅游业健康发展的行为，整顿和规范旅游市场秩序是保障旅游经营利益，维护旅游权益的必然要求。     

我国债券市场问题及对策分析

债券市场的发展对我国融资体制的市场化进程起着重要的作用。文中分析了债券市场存在的一些问题,同时给出了发展与完善我国债券市场的思路。