管理者的社会关系与企业绩效——组织学习的中介作用

一些学者探讨了管理者的社会关系与企业绩效间的微观——宏观联系,但往往以财务绩效表示企业绩效,且缺乏关于管理者的社会关系对企业绩效影响机制的研究。本文基于战略的制度观,通过对企业绩效的细分并引入组织学习这一变量,探讨了管理者的商业关系和政治关系是如何通过组织学习的中介作用对企业的财务绩效和创新绩效产生不同影响的。研究表明,管理者的两类关系都能直接促进财务绩效的提升,且组织学习正向影响创新绩效,但它们对创新绩效的影响效果不同。管理者的商业关系直接正向影响创新绩效,同时也通过正向影响组织学习而间接促进企业创新。管理者的政治关系降低了组织学习并通过其中介作用抑制了企业创新。因此,应区别看待管理者的两类社会关系对企业绩效的影响。     

Chinese tourists' views of nature and natural landscape interpretation: a generational perspective

This study investigates Chinese tourists’ views of nature, interest in animal experiences and their preferred natural landscape interpretation content from a generational perspective. Eight hundred and eight self-administered questionnaires were collected at Wulingyuan, a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site, in China. It suggests that overall Chinese traditional cultural values and beliefs, notably the thinking of tian ren he yi (oneness of nature with humans), still have considerable impacts on Chinese tourists. They were found to have a strong sense of connection with nature and a preference for cultural interpretations of natural landscapes. Meanwhile, Chinese might be reaching a point of convergence in terms of attitude towards nature and animals with their Western counterparts, as reflected by their weak anthropocentric view, and strong ethical and aesthetic appreciation of animals, regardless of generation cohorts. Yet, the study shows significant generational gaps: older generations have a stronger connection with nature, are more concerned about environmental issues and show more support for the Western approach towards nature protection; the younger generations hold weaker anthropocentrism, and are more interested in animals, yet are less likely to learn about nature through tourism interpretation.     

Gay tourism in a sun and beach destination

Gay tourism is seen as an attractive business opportunity for many destinations. However, there is a lack of research at identifying the resources necessary for success in this type of tourism. This work is aimed at filling this gap by using the premises of the resource based view and transfers them to the analysis of territories to identify the valuable resources that are required for a sun and beach destination to attract gay tourists. To this end, this study has focused on a gay tourism sub niche, tourists lodged in gay-exclusive resorts in Gran Canaria. In order to confirm the validity of this approach, the relationship between the satisfaction of gay tourists and the condition of the valuable resources was studied by means of a robust statistical new method, namely Bayesian model averaging. That method permits the inclusion of uncertainty in the theoretical models that determine destination competitiveness, thus reducing many of the problems that arise in the application of the more conventional statistical methods in this type of analysis.     

Market knowledge of the travel industry from knowledge-based view: a case of two Taiwanese travel agencies

There has been a lack of comprehensive model elaborating the key dimensions of knowledge management in the tourism field. Based on market orientation literature, market knowledge could be illustrated from consumer and competitor dimensions. However, what knowledge topics are in these two dimensions (e.g. knowledge depth) or do any dimensions of market knowledge exist (e.g. knowledge breadth)? These questions can be clearly answered. Drawing on knowledge-based view of firms, this study explores market knowledge from four characteristics: depth, breadth, tacitness, and specificity. It seeks to contribute to the existing literature through a series of semi-structured interviews and behavioral observation with senior managers of Taiwan’s leading travel agencies. Four market knowledge categories emerge: customer knowledge, employee knowledge, competitor knowledge, and partner knowledge. It is suggested that high levels exist as to the importance of knowledge acquisition, classification, dissemination, and usage, and this represents a significant change over past findings.     

林木损失额价值计量及损毁程度系数研究——以北京地区为例

提出林木损失额的价值计量以损毁程度系数(Kd)作为调整值,并且对树木的生理损毁、观赏损毁、生理和观赏部位同时损毁三种受损类型分别进行讨论,提出根据树木损毁程度(d)与价值损失之间的强度系数(ε)来确定损毁程度系数的方法。根据损毁程度系数计算公式Kd=dε,计算得出不同损毁程度下树木生理损毁程度系数值。其意义在于解决了由于林木损伤程度的不同,而体现出林木价值损失额的不同,从而为更加准确、合理地计量林木损失额提供了科学依据。     

落实科学发展观加快国有林区林权制度改革

实现国有森林资源的可持续发展,对于国家的经济发展、社会进步和生态建设具有极其重要的意义。林权制度改革旨在推动产权的明晰化,增强经营者对森林资源的自觉保护意识和责任意识,实现对森林资源的有效保护。伊春国有林区林权制度改革初步取得了一些成效,这是贯彻和落实科学发展观的生动体现,为了建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,应进一步加快林权制度改革,转变林业经济增长方式,建设林业生态文明。     

基于SQL Server应用系统的安全性研究

介绍了基于SQL Server数据库应用的安全保护机制,对其身份验证、利用视图和触发器有效地保护数据安全的机制进行了详细分析,提出了在数据库应用系统中可采用的安全体系和具体处理方法,并结合网络MIS系统的开发实践给出了一些解决方案。     

The impact of technical consultants on the quality of their clients' products: Evidence from the Bordeaux wine industry

Research summary : Recent research rooted in the resource‐based view of the firm suggests that resources are more likely to create value if they are effectively managed. An underlying assumption of the literature is that firms manage their resources on their own. However, many firms hire consultants to help them do so. In this study, I develop and test hypotheses regarding the impact of technical consultants on the quality of their clients' products. Using data from the Bordeaux wine industry, I find evidence that the use of technical consultants has a positive impact on relative product quality and a negative impact on the extremeness of relative product quality. Moreover, the positive impact of technical consultants on relative product quality is stronger at lower levels of relative resource quality. Managerial summary : Findings from a study in the Bordeaux wine industry indicate that the decision to hire consultants should depend on a firm's strategy. If a firm wants to improve its performance, it should hire consultants. Indeed, the “best practices” of technical consultants are generally more valuable than internally generated knowledge. If a firm wants to achieve outstanding performance, hiring consultants may not be the right decision. Because the “best practices” of technical consultants have more certain performance implications than internally generated knowledge, they decrease the likelihood of extremely low performance. However, their lack of uniqueness also decreases the likelihood of extremely high performance. Finally, the decision to hire consultants should depend on the quality of a firm's resources. Firms with low‐quality resources tend to benefit more from the “best practices” of technical consultants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Knowledge management and innovation strategy in the Asia Pacific: Toward an institution-based view

The emergence of knowledge-intensive society has changed the nature of business competition. Knowledge management becomes an important managerial task and formulating a sound innovation strategy is an integral part of strategic management. Adopting an institution-based view, this article argues that the institutional environment in the Asia Pacific region plays a multi-faceted role behind firms’ knowledge management and innovation strategy. Specifically, institutions impose rules for legitimacy, serve as a source of knowledge, and allocate incentives and resources for innovation. We believe that future research drawing on the institution-based view has significant potential to advance our understanding of knowledge management and innovation strategy in Asia Pacific firms.

Sources, uses, and forms of data in the new product development process

This paper presents qualitative and exploratory research investigating the role that managing knowledge and information plays in new product development (NPD). A set of 20 in-depth interviews uncovered eight basic types of information used throughout the NPD process and three general approaches to managing information needed in the NPD process. Although some exemplary companies seem to do an outstanding job of collecting and disseminating information, the majority of firms struggle. NPD process automation solutions tackle part of the problem, ignoring nonquantitative data forms and the full picture of information use throughout the entire development process.