On the nature of mean-variance spanning

Asset spanning tests are very useful tools for the determination of which asset classes belong to an investor's portfolio. There are numerous applications of such tools in the finance literature. What is not so obvious is the proper decision an investor should make if the extra asset classes are spanned by some existing assets. Should the investor make a conscious decision not to invest in them as they add no value? Should the investor invest in them anyway as they do no harm? This study provides an analytical solution to the puzzle and also offers an economic rationale.     

无线传感器网络路由策略的研究

无线传感器网络对能量的要求极高,而且对其传感器节点采集到的数据要进行进一步的融合,要实现这些目标,根据其实际需求设计出合适的路由策略是非常重要的。本文首先详细的分析了无线的传感器网络路由的基本概况,进而从多个方面深入探讨了其路由的特点与合格的路由策略应该具备的条件,最后分别介绍了几种路由策略,并对这些策略做了详细的对比和分析。     

基于投资时钟原理的中国大类资产配置研究与实证

经典的美林证券投资时钟原理可以将实体经济增长与大类资产配置联系起来,利用经济增长和通货膨胀预期指标对经济周期进行划分,并在经济周期各个阶段提高该阶段内收益较高的资产配比,能极大提升整体资产组合的长期收益率。运用该理论对我国的大类资产配置进行实证研究,分析我国宏观经济指标与成熟经济体的不同,指出投资时钟原理在我国实践应用中采取国家统计局的领先和滞后指数来划分经济周期更符合我国经济的特点。根据这一经济周期划分结果考察我国四类资产(现金、债券、商品、股票)在经济周期不同阶段的表现,得出我国经济同样具有周期轮动性,利用投资时钟原理和经过蒙特卡洛模拟优化后均值方差模型,可以优化资产配置,取得较高收益和较低最大回撤的结论。     

Linking employee boundary spanning behavior to task performance: the influence of informal leader emergence and group power distance

Driven by fierce global competition, flatter organizational structures and the growing complexity of tasks, boundary spanning behavior (BSB) in externally dependent work teams has increasingly been emphasized in both theory and practice. The current study aims to answer the questions of whether, when and how an individual’s BSB impacts his or her task performance within a team. Based on a sample of 272 employees from 57 new product development teams in China, we found that informal leader emergence mediated the relationship between an individual’s BSB and his or her performance within a team. Moreover, group-level power distance positively moderated the association between BSB and informal leader emergence. An overall mediated moderation model of the effect of the interaction between BSB and group power distance (PD) on task performance via informal leadership emergence was also confirmed. In particular, the relationship between BSB and task performance via informal leadership emergence was stronger for teams with less PD than for those with more PD. The implications of the research are discussed.     

The external knowledge sourcing process in multinational corporations

Research summary: We study the processes through which multinational corporations (MNCs) identify and make use of external sources of knowledge. Based on a seven‐year longitudinal study of one MNC's overseas scouting unit, we show how a simple one‐directional “channelling” process gradually gave way to three higher value‐added processes, labelled “translating,” “matchmaking,” and “transforming.” Building on these insights, we develop an integrative framework, defining the conditions under which each of the four processes is likely to transpire, and showing how the stock of social capital held by the scouting unit allows it to perform increasingly high value‐added activities over time. Implications for the MNC, external knowledge sourcing, and boundary‐spanning literatures are discussed. Managerial summary: Over the years, many multinational corporations (MNCs) have created overseas “scouting” units to tap into new ideas and opportunities in leading‐edge markets, but with mixed outcomes. In this study, we describe the development of a European telecom firm's scouting unit in Silicon Valley during the 2000s, focusing on the specific approaches used by the scouting managers to build effective connections between Silicon Valley start‐ups and the firm's business units back in Europe. We identify four distinct approaches for different types of opportunities, and we observe a clear sequencing of effort over time as the scouting managers built the necessary capabilities and credibility. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Boundary spanning leadership,resource mobilisation,and performance of university-industry R&D projects: a study in a Japanese university

Acquisition of university knowledge has grown significantly for firms to complement an internal knowledge base of technological innovation. Recognising the significance, an increasing body of literature has analysed the performance of university-industry R&D projects by adopting managerial and social approaches. Despite the important role played by project leaders, existing research paid scant attention to the critical ability and quality of successful project leaders in acquiring university knowledge. To address these limitations, this study performed a survey of firms that collaborated with the Ritsumeikan University in Japan and investigates the influence of boundary spanning leadership of project leaders in firms on both knowledge and commercial performance of R&D projects. Furthermore, it also evaluates the mediation effect of university resource mobilisation that links boundary spanning leadership and project performance.     

Who gains and who loses on stock markets? Risk preferences and timing matter

This paper uses an agent-based multi-asset model to examine the effect of risk preferences and optimal rebalancing frequency on performance measures while tracking profit and risk-adjusted return. We focus on the evolution of portfolios managed by heterogeneous mean-variance optimizers with a quadratic utility function under different market conditions. We show that patient and risk-averse agents are able to outperform aggressive risk-takers in the long-run. Our findings also suggest that the trading frequency determined by the optimal tolerance for the deviation from portfolio targets should be derived from a tradeoff between rebalancing benefits and rebalancing costs. In a relatively calm market, the absolute range of 6% to 8% and the complete-way back rebalancing technique outperforms others. During particular turbulent periods, however, none of the existing rebalancing techniques improves tax-adjusted profits and risk-adjusted returns simultaneously.     

我国金融市场中基准利率的选择北大核心

本文从资产定价角度给出了基准利率选择的理论框架,并对我国市场中的利率体系进行研究。我们发现,在均值一方差标准下,银行间隔夜同业拆借利率和银行间隔夜国债回购利率并不是最有效的;银行间同业拆借市场与银行间国债回购市场内部各利率与期限之间的关系不是单调的;银行间同业拆借市场利率与银行间国债回购利率之间并不存在绝对的占优关系;相比之下,存款利率尤其是活期存款利率最有效从而更适合作为其他资产定价的依据,应该成为我国目前金融市场的基准利率。最后,本文给出了相应的建议。     

Targeting University Alumni Segments That Donate for Non-Athletic Reasons

This article tests and rejects the widely accepted belief that a university's successful athletic performance and financial donations are closely related. It concludes the "Classroomers" image segment should be universities' prime financial support base.