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71.
文章认为公共管理社会化与公共服务市场化是美国“政府再造”的重要政策工具。在分析美国地方政府推行公共管理社会化和公共服务市场化经验教训以及珠海城市管理面临问题基础上 ,提出珠海城市管理体制创新的具体策略 ,包括 (1)推动非政府、非营利组织发展 ;(2 )大力推进社区建设 ;(3)完善“两级政府、三级管理”的城市管理体系 ;(4)全面开展公共服务市场化改革 ;(5 )吸引非国有资本参与基础设施建设 (6 )建立科学的政府绩效评估制度。 相似文献
72.
社区医疗经营的好坏关系到广大人民群众的切身利益,同时发展社区医疗存在大量的商机,但是目前许多问题阻碍了社区医疗的进一步发展。文章指出,如何去发掘潜力、发展壮大社区医疗,关键是要有创新的思维,目前社区医疗走与大医院联营或者与大医院直接经营的方式应该是一种值得尝试的途径。 相似文献
73.
构建和谐社会需要正确处理的十大关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
构建和谐社会,是一个长期的过程.在经济高速发展的轨道上,各种利益、各种关系的摩擦、碰撞是激烈的.构建和谐社会,要处理的关系非常多.其中,尤其要正确处理好十个主要方面的关系:经济增长与可持续发展的关系;人口与就业的关系;经济和教育的关系;城市和乡村的关系;高新技术产业与传统产业的关系;积累和消费的关系;内需和外需的关系;强势群体与弱势群体的关系;改革与发展的关系;中国特色与国际惯例的关系. 相似文献
74.
Summary. We prove that, for finitely many demand observations, the Strong Axiom of Revealed Preference tests not only the existence of a strictly concave, strictly monotone and continuous utility generator, but also one that generates an infinitely differentiable demand function. Our results extend those of previous related results (Matzkin and Richter, 1991; Chiappori and Rochet, 1987), yielding differentiable demand functions but without requiring differentiable utility functions.Received: 1 November 2001, Revised: 5 February 2004, JEL Classification Numbers:
D11, D12.
Correspondence to: Kam-Chau WongThis is a much revised version of Lee and Wong (2001). We are grateful to the Referee for valuable suggestions. We also thank Professor Marcel K. Richter for his comments. 相似文献
75.
Benis Egoh Mathieu Rouget Andrew T. Knight Albert S. van Jaarsveld 《Ecological Economics》2007,63(4):714-721
A call has been made for conservation planners to include ecosystem services into their assessments of conservation priority areas. The need to develop an integrated approach to meeting different conservation objectives and a shift in focus towards human wellbeing are some of the motivations behind this call. There is currently no widely accepted approach to planning for ecosystem services. This study contributes towards the development of this approach through a review of conservation assessments and the extent to which they include ecosystem services. Of the 476 conservation assessments identified by a set of search terms on the Web of Science, 100 were randomly selected for this review. Of these only seven had included ecosystem services, while another 13 had referred to ecosystem services as a rationale for conservation without including them in the assessment. The majority of assessments were based on biodiversity pattern data while 19 used data on ecological processes. A total of 11 of these 19 assessments used processes, which could be linked to services. Ecosystem services have witnessed an increase in attention received in conservation assessments since the year 2000, however trends were not apparent beyond this date. In order to assess which types of ecosystem services and how they have been accounted for in conservation assessments, we extended our review to include an additional nine conservation assessments which included ecosystem services. The majority included cultural ecosystem services, followed by regulatory, provisioning and supporting services respectively. We conclude with an analysis of the constraints and opportunities for the integration of ecosystem services into conservation assessments and highlight the urgent need for an appropriate framework for planning for ecosystem services. 相似文献
76.
Despite the abundant research on material flows and the growing recognition of the need to dematerialize the economy, business enterprises are still not making the best possible use of the many opportunities for material efficiency improvements. This article proposes one possible solution: material efficiency services provided by outside suppliers. It also introduces a conceptual framework for the analysis of different business models for eco-efficient services and applies the framework to material efficiency services. Four business models are outlined and their feasibility is studied from an empirical vantage point. In contrast to much of the previous research, special emphasis is laid on the financial aspects. It appears that the most promising business models are ‘material efficiency as additional service’ and ‘material flow management service’. Depending on the business model, prominent material efficiency service providers differ from large companies that offer multiple products and/or services to smaller, specialized providers. Potential clients (users) typically lack the resources (expertise, management's time or initial funds) to conduct material efficiency improvements themselves. Customers are more likely to use material efficiency services that relate to support materials or side-streams rather than those that are at the core of production. Potential client organizations with a strategy of outsourcing support activities and with experience of outsourcing are more keen to use material efficiency services. 相似文献
77.
Policies such as the SEC’s Fair Disclosure Rule, and technologies such as SEC EDGAR, aim to disseminate corporate disclosures
to a wider audience of investors in risky assets. In this study, we adopt an experimental approach to measure whether this
wider disclosure is beneficial to these investors. Price-clearing equilibrium models based on utility maximization and non-revealing
and fully-revealing prices predict that in a pure exchange economy, an arbitrary trader would prefer that no investors are
informed rather than all are informed; non-revealing theory further predicts that an arbitrary trader would prefer a situation
in which all traders are informed rather than half the traders are informed. These predictions can be summarized as “None
> All > Half”. A laboratory study was conducted to test these predictions. Where previous studies have largely focused on
information dissemination and its effects on equilibrium price and insider profits, we focus instead on traders’ expected
utility, as measured by their preferences for markets in which none, half, or all traders are informed. Our experimental result
contradicts the prediction and indicates “Half > None > All”, i.e. subjects favor a situation where a random half is informed.
The implication is that in addition to testing predictions of price equilibrium, experiments should also be used to verify
analytical welfare predictions of expected utility under different policy choices.
JEL Classification D82, D53, G14, L86
This work was largely completed while this author was at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. 相似文献
78.
John Tschirhart 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2003,5(2-3):193-214
Synopsis: The oft-cited analogies between ecological and economic systems are exploited to develop a many-species model of
population dynamics. In economies, markets are the fundamental institutions in which the interaction of demands and supplies
determine the quantities and prices of goods. However, economic markets are not appropriate for ecological communities, because
markets rely on voluntary exchange, whereas plants and animals engage in involuntary transfers of biomass. A properly defined
counterpart to markets based on biomass transfers permits a general equilibrium model of predator/prey and competitive interactions
in a many-species community. Functional response from optimal foraging and predation risk provide the demand and supply, respectively,
in the biomass transfers. Energy per unit time is scarce and predators and prey make optimum choices with respect to functional
response and risk avoidance based on required energy expenditures. The energy expenditures are similar to economic prices:
they determine foraging strategies and are beyond the control of the predators and prey, yet they are determined by the aggregate
choices of all predators and prey and by population densities. The energies acquired from foraging are used in a new way to
construct difference equations that determine the population dynamics.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
79.
Sharna Wiblen Anthony McDonnell 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2020,31(4):474-510
AbstractThrough an in-depth, multilevel case study of a professional services firm, this paper illuminates what stakeholders mean when they use the term ‘talent’. The paper underlines how various contextual factors including, workforce composition, ownership structures and individual perceptions influence talent meanings within an organisation. Our analysis of talent phenomena at a multiplicity of levels illustrates that it is not only about the words, phrases, and terms employed when talking about talent that requires examination. There is a need to deliberate on the meanings that underpin the talk because while stakeholders may talk the same way they may mean different things. The paper makes a key theoretical contribution through specific recognition of the importance of thoughtful reflection of how stakeholders discursively construct meanings because ‘talent’ is a concept, which requires translation via talk to become meaningful within the material world and these meanings are influenced by context. Thus, we cannot infer, that talent meanings radiate within organisations, nor across organisational boundaries, industries or countries because discourses arise and materialise within specific contexts and we must acknowledge that talent discourses can not be removed from the context in which they operate. 相似文献
80.