黑龙江省农户土地转出意愿影响因素实证研究

[目的]基于黑龙江省农户土地流转现状对其影响因素进行研究,旨在通过分析提升农户土地转出意愿途径推动土地流转和农业规模化生产。[方法]基于元分析的要求和步骤对黑龙江农户土地流转意愿进行实证研究,以农户个人特征、农户资源禀赋、农户所处环境特征和政策及生产特征4个层面来分析黑龙江农户土地转出意愿的影响因素。[结果]基于主效应分析发现农户土地转出意愿的影响因素主要有文化程度、年龄、性别、人均纯收入、耕地面积、非农收入比重以及是否签订土地流转合同。其中,农户年龄在土地转出意愿中的影响显著为负,有阻碍作用;农户人均纯收入和耕地面积对土地转出意愿的影响显著为正,具有促进作用,说明土地转出的发生率在人均纯收入高和耕地面积较多的农户中相对较大;政策的过渡与完善对受教育程度较低和年龄较大的农户的土地转出意愿在逐渐加强。[结论]黑龙江省日渐完善的土地流转政策以及地方政府的大力宣传对农户土地转出意愿的调节作用越发强烈。     

The impact of strategic dissent on organizational outcomes: A meta‐analytic integration

Research summary: Strategic dissent represents divergence in ideas, preferences, and beliefs related to ideal and/or future strategic emphasis. Conventional wisdom in strategic management holds that such differences in managerial cognitions lead to higher‐quality strategic decisions, and thus to enhanced firm performance. However, 4 decades of empirical research have not provided consistent findings or clear insights into the effects of strategic dissent. Hence, we analyze the relative validity of predictions about these effects from both social psychological theories of group behavior and information processing perspectives on decision‐making. Then, we conduct a meta‐analytic path analysis (MASEM) based on current empirical evidence. Synthesizing data from 78 articles, we put to rest the notion that strategic dissent leads to positive outcomes for organizations and estimate how negative its effects actually are. Managerial summary: Top management teams (TMTs) set the tone and direction for their firms in important ways. Top managers, however, often disagree over fundamental issues related to strategy. Such strategic dissent affects how important decisions are made, and thus how the firm performs. In more specific terms and contrary to popular belief, strategic dissent creates not only dysfunctional relationships among top managers, but also disrupts the process by which these managers exchange, discuss, and integrate information and ideas in making strategic decisions. In short, firms have not yet generated value through numerous perspectives, ideas, and opinions among their top managers. We discuss interventions that could prove helpful in efforts to benefit from having diverse cognitions in a TMT.     

Illuminating the ‘Face’ of Justice: A Meta‐Analytic Examination of Leadership and Organizational Justice

A significant body of research has described effective leader behaviours and has connected these behaviours to positive employee outcomes. However, this research has yet to be systematically integrated with organizational justice research to describe how leader behaviours inform justice perceptions. Therefore, we conduct a meta‐analysis (k = 166, N = 46,034) to investigate how three types of leader behaviours (task, relational, and change) inform four dimensions of organizational justice (procedural, distributive, interpersonal, and informational) referenced to the leader and to the organization. Further, we examine the joint impact of leader behaviours and justice perceptions on social exchange quality (i.e., leader–member exchange), task performance, and job satisfaction. Our results suggest that leader behaviours differentially inform leader‐ and organization‐focused justice perceptions, and the joint effect of leader behaviours and justice perceptions offer more nuanced explanations for outcomes.     

A meta‐analytic investigation of consumer over‐indebtedness: The role of impulsivity

In the past decade, evidence has been accumulated on the relationship between impulsivity and over‐indebtedness. Nevertheless, the magnitude of such association is still considered marginal compared to traditional socio‐demographic and economic factors, with the important consequence that impulsivity continues to be ignored in policy interventions for preventing and dealing with over‐indebtedness. The aim of this study was to meta‐analyse existing studies to answer the question: Are higher levels of impulsivity associated with greater over‐indebtedness? Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for English language studies. Seventeen studies were eligible for the analysis. The random effect model yielded a significant positive association between impulsivity and over‐indebtedness (Hedges' g = .40). Type of over‐indebtedness (debt holding vs. unmanageable debt) and work status (percentage of employed individuals) significantly moderated this association. Results are discussed in terms of implications and recommendations for future research, policy and practice.     

A process model of a logistics system as a basis for optimisation programme implementation

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of the process approach in optimisation programme implementation. It is proposed that application of a process model of a company provides overcoming of functional boundaries and, consequently, overcoming of sub-optimisation of logistics system performance. The process model of an internal logistics system of a wholesale trading company, based on the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model, has been developed. Relations between business functions, processes and performance indicators (metrics) have been analysed. The optimisation model has been developed, and comparative analysis of possible results of optimisation of processes and functions has been conducted. Results demonstrate that optimisation of functions results in a sub-optimal solution, caused by functional boundaries, whereas optimisation of processes results in an optimal one. Research provides the rationale for process approach implementation in order to make optimal decisions regarding the logistics activities and the technique of practical implementation of an optimisation programme.     

Network centrality,organizational innovation,and performance: A meta‐analysis

Based on samples from 40 studies encompassing 15,860 organizations, we use meta‐analysis methods to examine the relationships between network centrality, organizational innovation, and performance, and to predict the influence of organization size, institutional environment, and industry on these relationships. Results show that network centrality positively influences both organizational innovation and performance. In addition, findings indicate that the impact of network centrality on organizational innovation is stronger for small organizations while that on organizational performance is stronger for large organizations. The influence of network centrality on overall organizational innovation/performance is stronger for organizations in developed institutional environments as well as in knowledge‐intensive industries. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Understanding variation in the relationship between environmental management practices and firm performance across studies: A meta‐analytic review

The relationship between environmental management practices and firm performance has continuously received much attention in academic research. As existing literature on the link of the two constructs is characterized by heterogeneous research characteristics and mixed empirical evidence, one interesting question arises: Do research characteristics affect the magnitude and direction of the relationship between environmental management practices and firm performance? Amassing a database of 92 studies, 199 effect sizes, and 72,258 firms, we examine this question by conducting a meta‐analysis. The characteristics investigated in this study include item number of performance measures, year of data collection, industry type, economic development, and Hofstede's five cultural dimensions. A meta‐regression reveals that environmental management practices are positively associated with firm performance and that the degree of this association depends on these contexts. Specifically, the environmental management practices–performance relationship increases with year of data collection, is stronger with multiple item measures, and is higher for firms in developed countries and in cultures characterized by high power distance, low individualism, low uncertainty avoidance, and low long‐term orientation.     

Structural reforms and growth in transition

The present fiscal difficulties of many countries amplify the call for structural reforms. To provide stylized facts on how reforms worked in the past, we quantitatively review 60 studies estimating the relationship between reforms and growth. These studies examine structural reforms carried out in 26 transition countries around the world. Our results show that an average reform caused substantial costs in the short run, but had strong positive effects on long‐run growth. Reforms focused on external liberalization proved to be more beneficial than others in both the short and long run. The findings hold even after correction for publication bias and misspecifications present in some primary studies.     

公共政策：从政策科学到建构主义

在传统的政策科学研究纲领中,政策问题是硬核,政策过程阶段论是保护带。20世纪80年代以来,建构主义的政策研究框架受到越来越多的重视,在这一新的政策研究纲领中,硬核与保护带转化成为政策行动者以及政策行动者之间在系列约束条件下的互动,公共政策不再被视为公共权力机关为解决公共问题、达成公共目标、实现公共利益的方案或行为,而是政策行动者可资利用实现其利益、目标和价值的载体或工具。尽管建构主义的研究纲领没有为政策研究编织出一个真正标志其科学性的花环,但它确实为人们理解公共政策的复杂性提供了一个不同的窗口。     

The challenges of policy coordination at a programme level: Why joining-up is hard to do

This article examines obstacles to policy coordination to promote development at a programme level. Contemporary efforts to promote coordination or ‘joined-up’ working across government entities highlight attempts to promote policy synergy and resource maximisation for achieving objectives that straddle the sector-specific boundaries of multiple departments. This paper assessed efforts to coordinate the actions of multiple departments towards achieving a single cross-cutting policy objective. Programme-level analysis of the Expanded Public Works Programme in South Africa revealed various reasons why joining-up is difficult to negotiate in practice. This consisted of policy goal and operational incompatibility between specialised entities, which appears sensitive to the specificity and stringency of policy goals and implementation regimens; as well as a host of difficulties related to how coordination is formally defined and designated. This included role definition and confusion, as well as the nature and locus of coordination mandates across and within individual departments.