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61.
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Farming system modelling for agri-environmental policy design: The case of a spatially non-aggregated allocation of conservation measures 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Laure Bamière Petr Havlík Florence JacquetMichel Lherm Guy MilletVincent Bretagnolle 《Ecological Economics》2011,70(5):891-899
This paper addresses the issue of designing policies for habitat conservation on agricultural land. The case under study requires a non-aggregated spatial distribution of the fields to be enrolled in an agri-environmental programme. A spatially explicit mathematical programming farm-based model, which accounts for three spatial levels (field, farm and landscape), is coupled with a relevant spatial pattern index (the Ripley L-function) to analyse the design and implementation of an agri-environmental programme aimed to preserve the Tetrax tetrax in the Plaine de Niort, France. The model is run using a stylised map with heterogeneous soil types and both crop growing and mixed dairy farms. Results show that valuable insights into agri-environmental programme design are gained through a detailed representation of farming system management. The suitable, non-aggregated spatial pattern for T. tetrax conservation is more costly than less-suitable, more aggregated patterns, because it tends to require equal participation of all farms. The policy simulations reveal that the various spatial patterns can be obtained through relatively simple uniform contract structures. An effective contract structure entails a set of two degressive payments which encourages all farms to enrol at least a small share of their land in the program. 相似文献
63.
Hotels are one of the tourism businesses most vulnerable to climate change because of their fixed assets. Results are presented of a baseline study that explores the awareness, attitudes, and behaviours of Taiwanese tourist hotels with respect to climate change and its potential impacts as well as their overall environmental practices. Tourist hotels are defined by the Taiwanese government as hotel establishments of over 80 rooms in rural areas and 50 rooms in city areas. Although the 104 tourist hotels represent only 3.7% of the total number of hotels in Taiwan, they account for over half of international guest nights and had a combined revenue of over TWD$43 billion in 2010. Questionnaires were distributed via email to all tourist hotels in Taiwan and 45 valid returns were received, representing an effective response rate of 43.3%. The results of research illustrate the level of understanding of climate change within Taiwanese tourist hotels and identify the specific climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies that tourist hotels have initiated. Access to such baseline data provides a potentially significant contribution to evaluating the response of the Taiwanese accommodation sector to environment change as well as providing a basis for further comparative studies and benchmarking. 相似文献
64.
Charles Waterfield 《Food Policy》1985,10(4):337-351
This article is concerned with a new nutritional intervention strategy, which is based on the belief that malnourished people eat different types of food to the well-nourished. The calculation of disaggregated food consumption parameters can identify ‘inferior’ food commodities; and the subsidization of these commodities will target intervention to those most in need. The effectiveness of this policy depends on the understanding of its theoretical basis. The author introduces the policy maker to this by reviewing the theoretical basis for consumption analysis, and then several key studies. 相似文献
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Carole J. Thomson 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》1997,7(1-2):97-110
Concept mapping provides a means for teachers and pupils to represent their understanding of an area of knowledge. It has been used as a planning tool by teachers to identify a framework of specific concepts and their propositions within a topic, as an assessment tool and as a means of collaborative sharing of knowledge. Information from two primary schools would also suggest that it can be used as a means of evaluating a school programme of primary technology. Research into people's perceptions and attitudes to technology indicated that there were a number of concepts and propositions associated with this field of study. A variety of groups of people including primary children were asked to describe what they understood to be technology and this information was constructed into a concept map format. The two schools described in the study had different programmes to deliver technology within the curriculum area of environmental studies. The first school had a planned programme of technology which was taught by the head teacher of the school. The second school had technology taught by class teachers, running as a thread throughout the environmental studies programme. In the first case the children knew when they were engaged in a technological task whereas in the second case the technology was implicit and the children were not necessarily aware of any specific subject area. The children's perceptions of technology and their attitudes towards it were analysed with reference to the constructed concept map. In the school where there were specifically programmed technological tasks, the children indicated that their understandings of technology were focused towards the design process; they identified technology as designing, making, problem solving and generating ideas. In relation to the Scottish curriculum their knowledge was concentrated in the area of the outcome entitled 'Understanding and Using the Design Process'. Children in the second school indicated that their understanding of technology was related to objects including computers and new inventions. This demonstrated that their ideas were mostly linked to the outcome entitled 'Understanding and Using Technology in Society'. It can be argued that in order to have a comprehensive understanding of technology the children should have knowledge and understanding of both outcomes. In the light of the results the head teachers of the respective schools decided to look more closely at their programmes in order to find out what modifications might be made. The head teacher of the first school decided to question the children more closely because he was aware of some attitudinal difference between the boys and the girls. He has now decided to do some further research in his school to see what changes need to be made. The head teacher of the second school is about to embark on a complete review of her school technology programme. The results of the research would suggest that concept mapping in the suggested form is a possible tool for evaluation of primary school technology prorammes. However this was only a small case study and further research would have to be done to provide more substantial evidence. 相似文献
67.
Itxaso del Palacio Aguirre Francesc Solé Parellada Héctor Montiel Campos 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2006,2(2):157-172
University researchers create technological opportunities that give rise to NTBF. The commercialization process of these opportunities
is very complex, thus requiring universities to have programmes to support it (USOP). In this research 37 Spanish programmes,
and 20 spin offs created with the support of the Technological University of Catalonia’s USOP (Innova Programme), have been
examined. The study describes the technological opportunity creation, recognition and exploitation processes, and classifies
the factors that determine it. Finally, the study develops a four-action-line-model that contributes to better understand
how the activities carried out by USOPs minimize the barriers for spin off creation. 相似文献
68.
Setting priorities in farm animal conservation choices--expert opinion and revealed policy preferences 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fadlaoui Aziz; Roosen Jutta; Baret Philippe V. 《European Review of Agricultural Economics》2006,33(2):173-192
We consider the choice of farm animal breeds for conservationprogrammes. An expert survey among breed societies and scientistsand the analysis of past decisions in EU member countries toenter breeds into conservation programmes show differences inthe valuation of breed characteristics. Whereas both sets ofactors value diversity aspects as well as cultural and economicaspects of breed conservation, policy makers, in comparisonwith experts, seem to be less concerned about true extinctionrisk. The results suggest broadening the discussion about theconservation of animal genetic resources to aspects preservingsocietal and cultural resources. 相似文献
69.
Nigel Brown 《Accounting Education: An International Journal》2013,22(3):301-323
This paper reports on the process of developing and pilot testing a new questionnaire—the Metacognitive Pattern Indicator (MPI)—to identify metacognitive patterns of accounting students. Metacognitive patterns are a construct that encompasses meta programmes and other theoretical frameworks, the measurement of which can improve metacognition of students in higher education. The MPI was completed by a pilot sample of 207 accounting and 655 non-accounting students in a UK university. Survey-based student evaluation of the MPI indicated that students found the questionnaire to be easily accessible, confirming it can be completed and the results interpreted without any need for specialist training. Follow-up interviews with 15 students indicate that the MPI increased metacognitive awareness and improved understanding of factors that impact on students' learning. Statistical analysis revealed alpha coefficients greater than 0.7 for seven pattern variables and greater than 0.52 for a further 13 of the 24 variables, confirming that further research is needed to improve reliability. Exploratory factor analysis, based on the more reliable scale items, revealed conceptually logical combinations or ‘profiles’ of patterns. Some interesting statistically significant (P < 0.01) differences were identified between metacognitive pattern scores of accounting students and other groups of students. 相似文献
70.