气候政策的经济环境效应及其缓解措施的研究综述——兼谈对我国的启示

气候政策对一国经济和环境产生一定的效应,开放经济条件下还将对一国产业的国际竞争力产生影响。碳泄漏等问题使得气候政策的实际减排效果受到了质疑。气候政策实施过程中产生的这些问题都将严重影响气候政策的有效性。为使气候政策的有效性达到最优,很多学者研究了缓解气候政策负面效应的措施。本文对一些重要的气候政策的经济环境效应进行了理论总结,从竞争力效应、经济效应、环境效应和研究方法这四个方面综述了相关实证研究成果,分析了气候政策负面效应的缓解措施,以期为制定适合我国的气候政策提供借鉴。     

旅游审美疲劳:表现特征、形成机理与缓解措施

伴随旅游的大众化和日常化发展,不少旅游产品越来越难以满足旅游者不断升级的审美需求,旅游审美疲劳现象日益显露。旅游审美疲劳主要表现为旅游者对旅游活动兴趣减弱以及出现心理排斥等负向情感表达,对游客体验与旅游业的可持续发展造成消极影响。文章首先对国内外相关文献进行梳理,明晰国内外研究现状,并以此为基础解析旅游审美疲劳的概念内涵。其次,概括出旅游审美疲劳具有情绪主导性、群体差异性、身心综合性、动态变化性、情境感染性、条件累积性等6大表现特征,结合旅游审美疲劳的形成机理提出了旅游审美疲劳的缓解对策。最后,明确未来旅游审美疲劳的研究方向,并提出从生活视角转向生命视角构建旅游审美体验的新思路。     

碳中和表现能改善企业投资效率吗?

绿色低碳战略愿景下,碳中和管理是关系全球气候变化风险应对与经济社会可持续发展的重大议题,但少有文献从实证研究角度探究微观企业碳中和进程的经济效益。以2019—2022年我国沪深A股上市公司及华证碳中和评级为样本,实证考察碳中和表现对企业投资效率的有效性。研究发现：良好的碳中和表现具有投资激励作用,其能够改善企业投资效率。影响机制分析表明,碳中和表现优势能够发挥信息促进效应、代理成本缓释效应和融资约束缓释效应,以此积极影响企业投资效率。异质性检验发现,碳中和表现对投资效率的积极影响在高碳行业、数字化程度较高和市场监督环境较差的企业中更明显。在碳中和评级监管的外部性方面,碳中和表现赋能的投资效率促进作用具有行业溢出效应。     

我国银行理财产品质押的法律风险及其缓释路径

银行理财产品质押具有融资功能。虽然立法未明确银行理财产品可纳入出质范围,但是具备权利质押的法律构成要件。立法的缺失将银行的理财产品质押授信业务置于巨大的风险之下,对此可以通过类推适用、确立优先受偿权、设置质物价值追踪系统以及建立强制平仓制度等法律手段来缓释风险。     

Adoption of conservation agriculture in Europe: Lessons of the KASSA project

According to KASSA findings, conservation agriculture is less adopted in Europe compared to other adopting regions and, reduced tillage is more common than no-tillage and cover crops. Currently, it is not popularised and it is less researched. The lack of knowledge on conservation agriculture systems and their management and, the absence of dynamic and effective innovation systems make it difficult and socio-economically risky for European farmers to give up ploughing which is a paradigm rooted in their cultural backgrounds. In Norway and Germany the adoption of conservation agriculture has been encouraged and subsidised in order to mitigate soil erosion. In the other European countries the adoption process seems mainly driven by farmers and, the major driving force has been the cost reduction in machinery, fuel and labour saving. Soil and water conservation concerns did not appear as main drivers in the European farmers’ decision to shift or not to conservation agriculture.The shift of European farmers to conservation agriculture is being achieved through a step-by-step attitude, large scale farms are the most adopters. This adoption trend may grow in the future. Indeed, the need to improve farms’ competitiveness, the market globalization and the steady increase of fuel cost will likely contribute to arouse European farmers’ interest in conservation agriculture as it slashes significantly the production costs.Conservation agriculture is not equally suitable for all the European agroecosystems. The need of soil and water conservation in Europe requires anticipating the ongoing process in order to improve its ecological and socio-economic sustainability. Priority would be to define which regions in Europe are the most suitable for conservation agriculture taking into account climate and soil constraints, length of growing period, water availability and quality, erosion hazards and farming conditions. Policy favouring the use of soil cover and profitable crop rotations as management strategies for weed, pest and diseases control will certainly allow developing and disseminating efficient and acceptable conservation agriculture systems.     

森林火灾减灾可持续能力评价——以焦作市为例

森林火灾减灾可持续能力评价是森林火灾损失的全面反映,在国内外研究与前人研究基础上,参照有关学者建立的一些指标,主要采用层次分析法,结合焦作市实例,计算出相关指标权重,根据实际值和参照值,借鉴可持续能力评价的综合距离公式计算得出焦作市的综合距离值。结果显示焦作市森林火灾减灾可持续能力很强。     

Who is afraid of the Ebola outbreak? The influence of discrete emotions on risk perception

The appraisal tendency framework (ATF) suggests that discrete emotions mediate the relationship between cognitive appraisals and behaviors. Based on the ATF, this study analyzed and found that fear, anger, anxiety, disgust, and sadness were positively related to the US public’s risk perception about the Ebola outbreak. Fear was also found to inhibit the degree to which systematic processing of the relevant risk information influenced participants’ support for institutional mitigation measures such as sending more health professionals to help countries in West Africa deal with the Ebola outbreak. The result partially confirms the ATF and offers important practical implications in regard to the communication of emergent public health crises.     

债券保险发展进程及业务模式探索

我国信用债市场发展进入新时期,信用违约的常态化和高收益债券市场建立的需要催生了对信用风险管理和信用增级的需求,而债券保险正是满足这两种需求的有效手段。本文在借鉴债券保险发展的国际经验的基础上,立足我国债券市场与债券保险发展现状,指出了当前我国债券保险发展滞后源于制度建设落后、信用保护卖方保障不足等原因导致的盈利困难,并提出和论证了由保险公司提供结算型债券保险的新型保险模式。最后就当前我国债券保险发展存在的不足之处,从发展传统型债券保险和信用风险缓释工具两个角度提出了具体的政策建议。