产业集群竞争力分析

当前,产业集群现象遍布全国各地,是推动区域经济的一股重要力量,分析各产业集群竞争力,已经成为人们争相考虑的一个问题.本文作者认为,产业集群竞争力是产业集群综合实力的反映,应该从产业集群的经济社会形势、集中度指数以及可持续发展情况等方面来分析.     

碳排放权交易试点对城市土地绿色利用效率的影响

研究目的：系统考察碳排放权交易试点政策对土地绿色利用效率的影响,以期为全国统一碳市场的建设和城市土地利用模式的绿色转型提供参考。研究方法：超效率SBM模型、渐进双重差分模型。研究结果：（1）2006—2020年,我国城市土地绿色利用效率总体呈现波动上升态势。碳交易试点政策能够显著提升土地绿色利用效率,且这一结论得到了一系列稳健性检验的支撑。（2）试点政策对土地绿色利用效率的积极影响存在短期滞后性,总体呈现出波动特征。在试点范围扩大过程中,该影响具有明显的推广效应。（3）碳交易试点政策能够提升城市技术创新水平,推动产业结构升级,进而提升土地绿色利用效率。（4）碳交易试点政策对土地绿色利用效率的影响存在基于城市区位、规模以及类型的异质性,表现为该效应在中西部、大规模以及资源型城市中发挥更为明显。研究结论：扎实推进全国统一碳市场建设,持续支持技术创新与产业结构升级,因地制宜制定政策实施方案,赋能土地绿色利用效率稳步提升。     

中国陆地边境带建设用地开发强度的时空分异及驱动机制研究

研究目的：基于中国陆地边境带作为内陆对外开放的重要窗口和“十四五”期间推进高质量发展的重点区域的背景,探索边境地区建设用地开发强度的时空分异和驱动机制,为促进区域土地可持续利用与健康发展提供参考。研究方法：半变异函数,Kriging插值法,普通最小二乘法,空间滞后模型和空间误差模型。研究结果：（1）中国陆地边境地区建设用地开发强度呈“东高西低,南高北低”格局,开发强度重心由东向西,自南向北迁移。（2）边境地区建设用地开发强度发展类型分布呈非均衡性,西北和北部边境地区整体上强度水平偏低,但增速较快;东北边境地区的强度水平偏低,增速缓和;西南边境的发展类型较为多样。（3）沿边地区的建设用地开发强度的空间异质性由经济、行政、交通、对外和自然条件等驱动力共同影响,但不同区域、不同时期的驱动力影响程度与作用方向存在差异,其中地缘经济、交通建设和优惠政策指数等对边疆城市土地开发的影响较为显著。研究结论：边境地区建设用地开发强度整体水平不高且分布不均,区域差异性显著,沿边地区应统筹多要素协调发展,提升互联互通能力,推动外贸内需共存的经济结构转型,同时加强建设用地利用管控,以提高边境地区建设用地开发强度的水平和质量。     

基于权益久期的商业银行利率风险度量技术研究

在我国的利率市场化进程中,商业银行将面临巨大的利率风险,商业银行的利率风险管理势在必行。文章全面分析了利率风险的形成和对商业银行的影响,指出久期是利率风险度量方法的必然趋势,在此基础上,引入权益久期的概念,全面衡量商业银行面临的利率风险,并对权益久期的应用环境     

Banking deregulation and credit risk: Evidence from the EU

This paper studies the effect of banking deregulation on credit risk. Its theoretical model shows that a bank is willing to invest more resources in screening borrowers when there is an entry threat, even though loan rates are driven lower. Thus, deregulation may result in improved loan quality and lower credit risk. This result is tested using bank-level balance sheet data and macroeconomic data for the European Union. The data reveal that competition intensified after the completion of the Second Banking Directive, while loan quality improved in most markets. Evidence is found that the loan quality improvement is associated with lower interest margin.     

Fuzzy Rasch model in TOPSIS: A new approach for generating fuzzy numbers to assess the competitiveness of the tourism industries in Asian countries

This study proposes a novel approach, the Fuzzy Rasch model, which combines Item Response Theory (IRT) and fuzzy set theory. This paper applies the Fuzzy Rasch model in Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to analyse the Tourism Destination Competitiveness (TDC) of nine Asian countries: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and the Philippines. The study was conducted in 2009 using 6 criteria and 15 indices. The results demonstrate the feasibility of applying the Fuzzy Rasch model in TOPSIS to analyse TDC in Asian countries. In addition, the proposed model also provides an effective means of applying the MCDM method to study TDC. Furthermore, in 2009, the Asian countries were ranked from most to least competitive as follows: China, Japan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Taiwan, Korea and the Philippines.     

逆向配送集成模型终端运输线路的优化研究

研究了正逆向集成配送的终端线路优化原则和优化方法，依据运输产品的性质将逆向配送产品分为可以与正向配送同车运输和不能同车运输两类，分别探讨了这两类产品的集成配送终端的线路优化策略，并用一个实例加以说明。     

西南某机场跑道沉降预测模型

机场道面沉降,严重影响机场安全运行.准确预测跑道工后沉降,对机场的建设与运行极为重要.以西南某机场跑道沉降变形的观测数据为依据,分别用双曲线模型、对数模型、指数模型以及灰色预测模型,对跑道沉降进行预测和对比分析,解决了小样本数下曲线预测精度较低及灰色模型对非线性预测准确度差等问题,提高了预测的精度;同时通过BP神经网络对组合预测模型的残差进行修正,最大限度地提高模型预测的精度和效果,为地基沉降预测提供借鉴.     

我国农地流转风险因素分析

农村土地承包经营权的高效流转,是实现土地资源优化配置的有效手段,也是解决"三农"问题的关键。当前我国农村土地流转市场存在制度缺陷、经济波动、政治干预、社会问题等外源性风险因素和流转客体条件不优、流转主体组织结构不健全等内源性风险因素,可能引发阻碍农村土地流转的风险事件的发生。本文深入分析了这些风险因素,并提出从宏观和微观层面防范风险发生的措施,以保障农村土地承包经营权的顺畅流转。     

A Classification of Dutch Manufacturing based on a Model of Innovation

Summary The paper studies the degree of homogeneity of innovative behavior in order to determine empirically an industry classification of Dutch manufacturing that can be used for policy purposes. Defining homogeneity in terms of an economic model distinguishes our classification from existing taxonomies such as those of the OECD, Pavitt and the various classifications based on a principal components analysis. We use a two-limit tobit model with sample selection, which explains the decisions by business enterprises to innovate and the impact these decisions have on the share of innovative sales. The model is estimated for eleven industries based on the Dutch Standard Industrial Classification (SBI 1993). A likelihood ratio (LR) test is then performed to test for equality of the parameters across industries. We find that Dutch manufacturing consists of three groups of industries in terms of innovative behavior, a high-tech group, a low-tech group and the industry of wood. The same pattern shows up in the three Dutch Community Innovation Surveys. The empirical part of this study has been carried out at the Centre for Research of Economic Microdata at Statistics Netherlands. The authors wish to thank Statistics Netherlands, and in particular Bert Diederen, for helping us in accessing and using the Micronoom data set. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors. The authors also wish to thank Fran?ois Laisney, Patrick Waelbroek and participants at presentations in Maastricht, Strasbourg, Leuven and Lille for their helpful comments. The first author acknowledges financial support from METEOR.