某微型客车前部海运钩设计探讨

随着汽车工业的发展,传统的陆路运输方式存在陆路运输车体形庞大、挤占高速公路资源、容易造成道路交通堵塞等诸多劣势,而采用海运方式能降低运输成本。文章介绍了某微型客车前部海运钩的设计过程,在前期总布置已完成的不利情况下,运用UG软件和CAE分析软件成功设计出符合工艺、间隙、强度及安装要求的前部海运钩。     

浅谈培养和提高学生数学建模能力的对策

数学建模是一种数学思想方法,可以帮助学生灵活地综合地应用所学的知识来处理和解决一些现实生活中的问题.文章首先对数学建模的步骤、数学建模能力作了介绍;接着分析学生在数学建模中存在的问题,并针对问题提出培养和提高学生数学建模能力的对策.     

面料二次设计方法在礼服中的应用研究

叙述了面料二次设计的概念及其分类,分析了礼服设计中面料二次设计的表现技法,阐述了面料二次设计对礼服设计的影响,为服装设计师提供礼服设计的新思路。     

Modeling defaults of companies in multi-stage supply chain networks

The interest in supply chain networks and their analysis as complex systems is rapidly growing. The physical approach to the topic draws on the concept of heterogenous interacting agents. The interaction among agents is considered as a repeated process of orders and production. The dynamics of production in the supply chain network which we observe is nonlinear due to the random failures in processes of orders and production. We introduce an agent-based model of a supply chain network which represents in more detail the real economic environment in which firms operate. We focus on the influence of local processes on the global economic behavior of the system and study how the proposed modifications change the general properties of the model. We observe collective bankruptcies of firms, which lead to self-emerging network structures. Our results give insight into the dynamics of default processes in supply chain networks, which have important implications both for risk managers and policy makers. Based on the simulations we show that agent-based modeling is a powerful tool for optimization of supply chain networks.     

浅谈“数学模型实验”课程教学

对数学模型实验课程的教学模式进行了探讨,介绍了数学模型实验的教学内容、教学方法及考核方式,分析了目前该课程教学存在的问题并给出了相应的对策,最后探讨了该课程未来的发展方向。     

浅谈高等数学教学与学生能力培养

高等教育的主要任务是培养具有创新精神和实践能力的复合型人才,而由于高等数学在不同学科、不同专业领域中所具有的通用性和基础性,使之在高校的课程体系中占有十分特殊的地位。在高等数学教学中,应重视数学思想方法的传导,加强知识过程的教学,渗透数学建模思想,并不断改革教学方法和教学手段,以达到在高等数学教学中培养学生的创新能力和实践能力的目的。     

加强和改进数学建模培训研究

数学建模培训是大学生数学建模竞赛的重要组成部分。应通过合理安排培训知识体系,优化组队方式,加大培训宣传,鼓励学生参训等,提高数学建模培训的效果。     

When does economic model type become a decisive factor in health technology appraisals? Learning from the expanding treatment options for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

Objectives: Specific economic model types often become de facto standard for health technology appraisal over time. Markov and discrete event simulation (DES) models were compared to investigate the impact of innovative modeling on the cost-effectiveness of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Fingolimod was compared to dimethyl fumarate (DMF; in highly active [HA] RRMS), alemtuzumab (in HA RRMS) and natalizumab (in rapidly evolving severe RRMS). Comparator DMTs were chosen to reflect different dosing regimens.

Materials and methods: Markov and DES models used have been published previously. Inputs were aligned in all relevant respects, with differences in the modeling of event-triggered attributes, such as relapse-related retreatment, which is inherently difficult with a memoryless Markov approach. Outcomes were compared, with and without different attributes.

Results: All results used list prices. For fingolimod and DMF, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were comparable (Markov: £4206/quality-adjusted life year [QALY] gained versus DES: £3910/QALY gained). Deviations were observed when long-term adverse events (AEs) were incorporated in the DES (Markov: £25,412 saved/QALY lost, versus DES: £34,209 saved/QALY lost, fingolimod versus natalizumab; higher ICERs indicate greater cost-effectiveness). For fingolimod versus alemtuzumab, when relapse-triggered retreatment was included in the DES, large cost differences were observed (difference between incremental cost is £35,410 and QALY is 0.10).

Limitations: UK payer perspective, therefore societal approach was not considered. Resource utilization and utilities for both models were not derived from the subpopulations; as the focus is on model type, input limitations that apply to both models are less relevant.

Conclusions: Whilst no model can fully represent a disease, a DES allows an opportunity to include features excluded in a Markov structure. A DES may be more suitable for modeling in RRMS for health technology assessment purposes given the complexity of some DMTs. This analysis highlights the capabilities of different model structures to model event-triggered attributes.     

Cost-effective compensation to avoid carbon emissions from forest loss: An approach to consider price-quantity effects and risk-aversion

Analyses were carried out on financial compensation to avoid loss of tropical forests and related carbon (C) emissions when marginal financial yield declined for land-use options with extended areas, and when a risk-averting perspective (modeled according to financial theory around the capital asset pricing model) is assumed. The approach in this study was to consider natural forest, forest plantation, pasture, and cropland simultaneously to investigate how an optimized land-use distribution may reduce the amount of compensation necessary to avoid C emissions from forest loss.The financial compensations derived were as high as US$ 176 per hectare per year when comparing natural forests only with the most profitable alternative (croplands). However, compensation decreased to US$ 124 for risk-neutral decision-makers, who would strive for optimized land-use allocation, and to only US$ 47 per hectare per year for risk-avoiders, who would look to maximize the reward-to-variability ratio. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the compensation under risk-aversion increased much less than under risk-ignoring when increased productivity of agricultural land-use or growing demand for agricultural products was simulated. It was concluded that considering appropriate diversification strategies and the well documented human behavior to avoid risks is an important step in developing cost-effective compensation policies.     

Partial least squares structural equation modeling in HRM research

Abstract

Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) has become a key multivariate analysis technique that human resource management (HRM) researchers frequently use. While most disciplines undertake regular critical reflections on the use of important methods to ensure rigorous research and publication practices, the use of PLS-SEM in HRM has not been analyzed so far. To address this gap in HRM literature, this paper presents a critical review of PLS-SEM use in 77 HRM studies published over a 30-year period in leading journals. By contrasting the review results with state-of-the-art guidelines for use of the method, we identify several areas that offer room of improvement when applying PLS-SEM in HRM studies. Our findings offer important guidance for future use of the PLS-SEM method in HRM and related fields.