湖南信息化带动工业化机制研究

人类社会已入入21世纪，对处于工业化中期初级阶段的湖南而言，继续完成工业化无疑是现代化过程中艰巨的历史任务，与此同时，大力国民经济和社会信息化，也是覆盖湖南现代化建设全民的战略措施，为此，正确处理工业化与信息化的关系，以信息化带动工业化，是关系湖南现代化建设的一个极为重要的问题，本文首先分析了湖南信息化和工业化的现状，然后对80年代中期以来的湖南信息化水平和工业化水平进行相关分析，在此基础上对他们相互影响的机制进行分析，最后就湖南今后实际信息化带动工业化提出具体措施。     

Norwegian Emissions of CO2 1987–1994 A Study of Some Effects of the CO2 Tax

Several countries have introduced taxes on fossil fuels with the aim of reducing atmospheric emissions, partly because of local environmental goals (SO₂, NO_x) and partly to participate in a global effort to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Many macroeconomic studies, based on both global and national models, have been made of how emissions can be reduced with the help of taxes and the consequent reduction in GDP following the introduction of such taxes. Norway has had a CO₂ tax for five years, thereby providing a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of this tax on emissions. The paper provides a counterfactual analysis of energy consumption and emissions if no CO₂ taxes had been introduced, compared with the actual situation in which such taxes exist. The effect of a CO₂ tax on oil consumption, and thus CO₂ emissions is studied on the basis of partial economic models for various sectors of the Norwegian economy. The study indicates that the CO₂ tax has had an impact on CO₂ emissions in Norway.     

徐州市生态经济系统的能值分析

本文应用能值理论．对徐州地区生态经济系统进行了分析．主要涉及能值投入率、能值使用强度（能值密度）、人均能值使用量、人口承载力、电力能值使用量比、能值一货币比、环境负荷率、净能值产出率、可持续发展指数等9个指标及其发展趋势，并与其他国家和地区的有关指标进行了比较研究。结论表明，徐州市是资源输出型的生态经济区域，经济发展仍处于欠发达阶段．还有较大的经济发展潜力。     

Does too much government spending depress the economic development of transition economies? Evidences from dynamic panel threshold analysis

This paper investigates the relationship between government size and economic growth and determines the optimal level of government spending to maximize economic growth. The paper applies a dynamic panel data analysis based upon a threshold model to test the threshold effect of government spending in 26 transition economies over the period spanning 1993–2016. According to the analysis results, government expenditures have a threshold effect on economic growth, and there is a non-linear relationship depicted as an Armey curve in these transition economies. The findings indicate that a government size above the threshold government spending level adversely affects economic growth, while a government size below the threshold level has a positive effect. Furthermore, there is a statistically significant relationship between the two variables above and below that optimal level, even if we divide the sample into developed and developing countries. Our findings suggest that governments in transition economies should consider optimal government size at around the estimated threshold level to support sustainable economic growth.     

科学考察旅游市场分析与对策研究——以澜沧江下游地区为例

以澜沧江下游地区为例,立足旅游资源开发条件,着眼旅游业的发展机遇,通过典型抽样调查,结合国内外科学考察旅游的发展态势,系统分析了科学考察旅游市场的发展前景,确定了市场目标,并提出相应的发展对策。     

Integrating science and local knowledge in environmental risk management: A decision-focused approach

This paper explores how a structured decision process, based on methods from the decision sciences, can contribute to the integration of local and scientific knowledge in environmental decision making. Emphasis is placed on the use of key decision structuring steps and analytical tools to help ensure the systematic treatment of both fact-based and value-based knowledge claims. Practical methods are discussed for communicating and evaluating values and technical information across participants and cultures in ways that are methodologically rigorous and encourage different sources of credible knowledge to be considered on equal footing. Examples are presented from water use planning in British Columbia, Canada, where stakeholder consultations at 22 hydroelectric facilities demonstrate specific techniques that can be used to clarify values, to explore hypotheses, to clarify uncertainties, to identify and evaluate options, to make value-based choices, and to facilitate mutual learning.     

The Application of Sensitivity Analysis on Comprehensive Transportation Evaluation

Comprehensive transportation evaluation objects using multi-objective decision method is a process of choosing the best one from a few objects through calculating, analyzing, and comparing the index system. The result may be different because of the difference of the index weight and index value. Therefore, sensitivity analysis should be one of the necessary parts of the decision-making. It is desired to give the index with higher sensitivity and its varying scope to control the index strictly during the execution process. This paper derives transfer index weight, which changes the rank evaluation order of the projects. Meanwhile, a simple, effective and practical method based on sensitivity district and sensitivity matrix is proposed for the sensitivity analysis of decision-making. As an example, the index sensitivity in decision-making of some provinces comprehensive transportation objects, and their influence on the final decision are discussed.     

信任、不信任与控制关系及其应用研究的现状与思考

信任、不信任与控制之间的关系及其应用,已成为当代众多社会科学学科研究信任问题的子焦点之一。我们依据近年国外有关文献的调研,认为：缺乏一个以当代众多社会科学领域重要的理论命题为基础的、统一的科学、严谨、结构合理的三者关系的分析框架,是当前深化和推进有关研究必须克服的一个障碍。     

黑龙江省普通高校开设滑雪课的可行性分析

笔者通过对黑龙江省普通高校开设滑雪课必要性、制约因素的研究以及可行性分析,可以看出,滑雪运动作为我国的一个新兴的体育项目,在高校的发展虽处于起步阶段,有种种制约因素,但通过调动一切积极因素,更新观念,在黑龙江省普通高校开设滑雪课是切实可行的。     

武陵山片区旅游节点交通畅达性研究

区域旅游节点的交通畅达性对区域经济发展具有强劲的推动作用,区域旅游节点的交通畅达性优劣取决于内部的连通性和外部的可达性。文章基于因子分析法分别就高等级公路、高速公路、普铁、高铁(动车)、民航航线等因素对武陵山片区内各旅游节点的交通畅达性的影响进行了评价分析,对各旅游节点的畅达性进行了排名;并选取2010、2014、2018年等3个时间节点数据导入GIS生成3个片区旅游交通图。研究发现:①重庆、武汉、长沙、贵阳四大中心城市的交通连线支撑起武陵山片区的交通网络,片区旅游节点之间的畅达性逐步提升;②处于武陵山片区外围重庆、武汉、长沙、贵阳四大中心城市交通大廊道上的旅游节点之间畅达性处于片区前列;③同一省市或同一传统旅游线路的旅游节点连通性较好,分属不同省市的旅游节点之间连通性普遍较差;④历史上,山高谷深、交通闭塞,各地市自然旅游资源丰富多样,文化旅游浓郁独特,近年来,武陵山片区旅游发展与交通建设相互推拉,呈现良性发展。