我国高校教师工作压力传播建模与仿真

采用基于智能体仿真的方法,通过仿真软件AnyLogic 6和MATLAB 7.0对我国高校教师工作压力传播模型进行了仿真研究。研究表明:临界值存在于组织工作控制中,并且社会网络中的工作压力管理是非常重要和有效的。同时,关注组织压力结构的变化,选择有效的对策,调整压力到合适的等级,可维护组织的稳定以及个体的生理、心理健康和工作主动。     

职业安全与卫生课程教学改革探索

职业安全与卫生课程的特点是内容多、覆盖面广,理论性和实践性都很强。在教学过程中,我们从课程内容,教学方法和手段以及考核方式等方面进行改革,以激发学生的学习兴趣,提高教学质量。     

大学生职业素质教育的研究与实践

由于受传统的以专业知识培养为主导的人才培养模式的影响,在我国的高等教育中职业素质教育还没有得到人们的广泛关注,从而造成了高等教育与市场需求在职业素质方面的严重脱节。职业素质教育应该是高等教育中一项非常重要的组成部分,是一项系统工程,它的实施应包括品德素质、专业素质、社会素质等一系列的内涵,应该贯穿于高等教育的全过程。     

Regulation without Reason: The Deleterious Effects of Government Regulation on Private Pension Provision

In this article, the history of regulation in pensions in the United Kingdom is analysed, in particular with respect to defined benefit occupational pension schemes. A framework of criteria for effective legislation is developed. The original prudent person rule provided a good framework for legislation, but most subsequent regulation that has been enacted does not meet our criteria. Recently regulation has increased the cost and risk of individual schemes and the systemic risk in the system as a whole. The article finds that, in totality, regulation has been disastrous for these schemes, contributing to their demise. The article concludes by briefly outlining how effective regulation might have developed to produce a flexible and resilient system.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Erik Berglöf and Romesh Vaitilingam, Stuck in Transit: Rethinking Russian Economic Reform
Mitko Dimitrov, Wladimir Andreff and László Csaba, Economies in transition and the variety of capitalisms: features, changes, convergence
Vincent Edwards, Gennady Polonsky & Avgust Polonsky, The Russian Province after Communism. Enterprise Continuity and Change
Christian von Hirschhausen and Jürgen Bitzer, The Globalization of Industry and Innovation in Eastern Europe
Mario I. Blejer & Marko Skreb, Financial Sector Transformation. Lessons from Economies in Transition     

Racial Inequality and Segregation Measures: Some Evidence from the 2000 Census

How much of the observed segregation between black and white Americans can be attributed to income disparities between the two groups? We adopt an approach to the decomposition of segregation measures that combines the method of indirect standardization with the idea that some degree of segregation is the outcome of purely random processes. Using the dissimilarity index as a measure of segregation and data on race and income from US metropolitan areas for 2000, we find that the role played by racial income inequality in accounting for segregation is modest but varies significantly across cities.     

Occupational Segregation by Race and Sex in Brazil, 1989-2001

Race and sex differentials in labor market outcomes in Brazil appear substantial, phenomena often tied to occupational segregation. This paper presents an array of Duncan indices of dissimilarity to investigate the magnitude and contours of occupational differentiation in Brazil, as well as changes in the recent past, constructed from Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios (PNAD) microdata for 1989 and 2001. Findings include the facts that measurable occupational differentation by sex is over twice as high as that by race and that differentiation on both counts is highest among people 35 and older and outside the Northeastern region. Occupational differentiation by race appears comparable among women and men, but may be higher among women if accurately measured. Racial differentiation grows with education, while sexual segregation declines. Differentiation has declined modestly since 1989 in almost all categories except by race among younger people, men and the most educated.

Gender-Based Occupational Choices and Family Responsibilities: The Gender Wage Gap in Italy

This paper explores the relationship between the gender division of labor, occupational choices, and the gender wage gap in Italy. In Italy, cultural factors and low availability of formal childcare services define gender roles that are generally based on the male breadwinner model, in which childcare is almost completely entrusted to women. The analysis is carried out through an extension of the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition and is based on data from the 2007 Italian National Institute for Workers’ Professional Development (ISFOL). The results are consistent with gender discrimination on wages and suggest that women’s occupational paths are often an outcome of limited choices, and that women’s unpaid domestic work negatively interferes with the energy women can put into paid work. These findings support the need to ensure gender equality in and out of the labor market, especially through deep changes in Italian social norms and through the development of formal childcare.     

High school experiences,the gender wage gap,and the selection of occupation

Using within-high-school variation and controlling for a measure of cognitive ability, this article finds that high-school leadership experiences explain a significant portion of the residual gender wage gap and selection into management occupations. Our results imply that high-school leadership could build non-cognitive, productive skills that are rewarded years later in the labour market and that explain a portion of the systematic difference in pay between men and women. Alternatively, high-school leadership could be a proxy variable for personality characteristics that differ between men and women and that drive higher pay and becoming a manager. Because high-school leadership experiences are exogenous to direct labour market experiences, our results leave less room for direct labour market discrimination as a driver of the gender wage gap and occupation selection.     

国外职业年金的运作模式选择

目前世界各国的职业年金计划运作模式主要有给付确定型计划和缴费确定型计划两种.针对两种职业年金计划运作模式,结合英国、波兰和美国的职业年金改革实践,从受益者角度看,两种制度各有利弊.缴费确定型计划近年来在各国迅速取代给付确定型计划模式,而中国的企业年金计划则选择基金制的缴费确定型计划运作模式.