目标价格对新疆地方棉区棉花规模的调控效应研究

[目的]2014年起国家在新疆实施棉花目标价格试点工作,标志着新疆棉花价格正式由政府指导价时代进入市场主导时代。目标价格改革试点是完善农产品价格形成机制的一个重要举措,属于国家调控政策范畴,研究国家棉花目标价格政策对新疆棉区棉花种植规模的调控效应,对促进新疆棉花产业发展、保障国家棉花安全具有重要的意义。[方法]该研究选用新疆棉花种植面积和价格的多年时序数据,采用格兰杰因果关系检验模型和棉花价格敏感度系数,从定性与定量分析新疆棉花价格与种植规模之间关系入手,深入探讨目标价格对全疆棉区整体及各个地州棉花种植规模的调控效应。[结果]棉花价格对棉花种植规模具有滞后性影响,且对不同区域棉花种植规模的影响存在显著差异;适度的目标价格水平在一定程度上实现了调减新疆棉花种植规模、促进棉花生产向优势产区集聚、优化棉花类型结构的目标。基于此,提出新疆棉花生产发展的政策建议。[结论]目标价格政策对新疆地方棉区棉花规模调控效应显著。     

目标价格改革试点对棉花市场的影响分析

[目的]通过分析棉花目标价格改革试点工作实施前后3年内(2011~2016年)棉花生产和需求变化情况,研究新疆目标价格改革对棉花市场的影响。[方法]运用3年滑动平均法,比较分析了棉花目标价格改革试点工作前后我国棉花产业的市场变化。[结果]自2014年棉花目标价格改革试点工作全面启动以来,生产方面:全国棉花种植结构日趋合理,新疆棉花种植优势明显,棉花市场价格形成机制初步建立,棉农利益得到了保护;市场需求影响方面:棉花价格逐步回归市场,国内外棉价差显著缩小,棉纺织企业经营状况趋于好转,棉花产业正在转型升级,但棉花市场整体需求不旺。[结论]试点工作取得了阶段性成效,但同时在信息化进程、棉花产业发展模式、生产力提升等方面暴露出一些问题亟待解决;下一步应进一步完善相关政策体系、加快棉花产业升级、加强科技创新,并推进信息化建设。     

武汉市假日旅游目标市场的选择及营销对策

从分析武汉市对假日旅游客源市场的吸引力因素入手,指出了武汉市发展假日旅游的优势,进而利用“旅游者利益细分”的方法对武汉市假日旅游市场作了科学的细分,明确了目标市场的定位,最后提出了一系列具体可行的措施。     

试论建设银行城区支行管理系统之目标定位

为实施建设银行中心城市行发展战略 ,对建设银行城区支行管理系统的目标定位必须合理。文章针对建设银行城区支行管理系统的目标定位存在的问题 ,提出了具体的改革建议。     

An experimental examination of target based conservation auctions

Conservation auctions are increasingly employed to increase the provision of Ecological Goods and Services (EG&S) for achieving environmental goals. Most applications of conservation auctions concern the efficient allocation of a fixed conservation budget. However an important and under-explored application of conservation auctions is in meeting environmental targets, either as part of regulatory compliance by industry or by governments in meeting specified policy objectives. This paper examines the ability of a conservation auction to meet an environmental target. We use experimental economics methods benchmarked to a wetlands restoration case study to examine bidder behavior and efficiency in both budget constrained and target constrained auctions when landowners with increasing marginal costs can offer increasing sized bundles of wetland acres. The target constrained auction is characterized by an all or nothing rule, where there is no payout if the target is not met. We find that rent seeking and average cost in the target constrained auction is less than in a budget constrained auction, but that efficiency eroded in repeated rounds suggesting learning effects as participants realize there is no budget cap. Even with learning effects the target based auction out-performs the budget based auction. Adding a reserve price to the target based auction significantly reduced rent seeking but also increased the probability that the target was not met. The results have important implications for auction design in real world settings.     

译前编辑与译后编辑分别使用机器翻译的对比——以英国诺里奇市城堡博物馆的荷兰画作简介的翻译为例

以英国诺里奇市城堡博物馆网站的荷兰画作简介为例,使用当下网民最常用的网络在线翻译工具之一＂Google翻译＂来对博物馆的精品画作馆藏介绍进行翻译。主要通过译前编辑使用＂Google翻译＂与译后编辑使用＂Google翻译＂,对两种不同的翻译方式所产生的译文效果、翻译过程中所产生的问题,以及完成翻译所需要耗费的时长进行对比与分析,寻找尽可能高效及优质的方法翻译源语文本;同时,发现并提出在线翻译工具需要改进的方面。     

从接受美学理论看目的语文本与源语文本的关系

接受美学理论认为,文本只有在读者积极参与下才能成为文学作品.翻译过程中,源语文本在译者积极动态的介入下,将未定性和开放性的文本形成并不完全对等的目的语文本,两者之间同中有异,互补互足.     

Target costing as a strategic cost management tool for success of balanced scorecard system

The precondition of gaining and sustaining competitive advantage for companies that operate today＇s competitive markets is the effective cost management. Since price is determined by the market, the ways of increasing profits are productivity and cost reduction. Balanced scorecard system is accepted by academicians and practitioners as an effective strategic management tool for applying the strategy successfully. In the financial perspective of the balanced scorecard system, cost reduction is a strategic objective. It is necessary that company＇s cost reduction strategy should not only be a reaction to the market, but also a continual strategy. The approach which aims to the reduction of costs that reveal along product life cycle and preset this aim at the design stage is target costing （TC）. TC can be used as an effective tool in BSC＇s financial perspective for the objective of cost reduction. In this study, the authors aim to display how to integrate the TC to BSC.     

Why persistent high inflation impedes growth? An empirical assessment of threshold level of inflation for India

In the policy debate on growth–inflation trade-off and the role of monetary policy in managing the trade-off in the short-run, theoretical and empirical research suggests the presence of a country specific threshold level of inflation. Empirical findings of this paper suggest that for India the threshold level of inflation could be around 6%. The inflation target for monetary policy may have to be somewhat lower than the growth maximizing threshold, since any positive inflation could be a risk to inclusive and sustainable growth objective.     

政府管控一般目标、总量结构和管控基本范畴

政府宏观经济管控目标具有多重性,包括保持社会总供给与总需求的平衡,促进经济再生产各环节及各产业、地区间的协调,不断提高人民生活水平调节社会分配,保护生态环境和自然资源,实现经济长期发展的良性循环和社会进步等,还包括经济目标"效率"和社会目标"均等"。宏观经济管理、调控和干预是三个既有联系又有区别的概念,而管控应当说包涵了三方面内容。管控的基本内容和手段实际也是市场机制调节功能的有机组成,客观上要求宏观经济调节机制必须通过市场机制起作用。