我国养老保险公司盈利模式探析——基于2010年信息披露报告的分析

截止2010年底,我国先后成立了平安养老、太平养老、长江养老、国寿养老、泰康养老等专业养老保险公司,本文以这5家养老保险公司2010年披露的年报信息为基础,通过盈利模式的构建、相关财务信息的分析,提出5种可能的盈利模式。     

日本养老服务体系及其财政问题争议

日本的社会保障体系由公共扶助、社会保险、社会福利、公共卫生与医疗四大部分构成,根据日本现行护理社会保险法之规定,护理社会保险服务由国家、都道府县、市町村的行政主管机构承担管理,在履行各自职能的同时提供服务。本文在简述日本福利服务及老年福利服务体系结构的基础上,着重分析日本的护理社会保险制度、服务体系及财政机制,围绕当前日本社会福利及护理社会保险制度存在问题展开的争议逐一加以分析,提出相应的课题与见解。     

国内外养老保险关系转移接续经验借鉴

养老保险关系转移接续是过渡时期我国养老保险体系整合的必经阶段,转续经验借鉴非常重要。本文从国内外转续典型入手,分别介绍了美国公务员养老保险转续、欧盟流动人口养老保险转续案例和我国城镇职工养老保险转续、成都市城乡居民养老保险转续制度,认为在权威法律的基础上,成立专门组织,明确转续基金比例和养老地判别标准,提高转续技术手段,构建转续平台,能够更好地完成转续目标,为全国养老保险的整合奠定基础。     

澳大利亚“安全和可持续”的国民养老金改革及启示

2009年9月澳大利亚政府颁布了＂安全和可持续＂的国民养老金改革计划。主要内容包括改革家计调查政策,提高国民养老金待遇水平,延长退休年龄,实施延长工作奖励计划等。这次改革对我国养老保障体系完善有如下启示：我国应当建立针对低收入群体的普惠制的国民养老金制度;以防止老年贫困,保障老年人最基本生活为目标;改革应注重政府调节和市场调节手段相结合;改革应兼顾不同群体利益,减少阻力。     

日本公共养老金制度的信任危机

随着老龄化和少子化问题的逐渐显露,日本的公共养老金制度已经暴露出了十分严重的问题,日本国民的不信任情绪逐渐滋生。公共养老金问题不仅是一个社会保障的相关问题,也直接影响到日本各届首相的前后更替和日本政局的稳定。进行日本公共养老金制度改革已经迫在眉睫。本文从日本公共养老金制度的财政危机和信任危机两个角度进行公共危机分析,进一步提出对现收现付制的养老金体系的看法。     

中国农村社会养老保险制度变迁与政策评价

“十二五”规划纲要中明确提出要健全覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系,着实实现新型农村社会养老保险制度全覆盖也随即提上了发展El程。本文通过对我国农村社会养老保险制度的发展脉络进行解读,从制度变迁的视角对这一政策进行评价,分析政策遭遇困境的原因,重点分析新型农村社会养老保险制度存在的缺陷。     

Voting on Pensions: A Survey

Abstract. The paper presents a nonexhaustive survey of the literature designed to explain emergence, size and political sustainability of pay‐as‐you‐go pension systems. It proposes a simple framework of analysis (a small, open, two overlapping generation economy model), around which some variants are displayed. Dictatorship of the median voter is assumed. The text is organized to answer the following questions: (i) Do political equilibria with PAYG pension schemes exist? (ii) Why do they emerge? (iii) What are the conditions for the participation constraint of the pension game to be verified?, and finally, (iv) What is the size of the pension system chosen by the median voter and how is this size influenced by an exogenous (e.g. demographic) shock?     

Investing in Socially Responsible Companies is a must for Public Pension Funds – Because there is no Better Alternative

>With assets of over US$1.0 trillion and growing, public pension funds in the United States have become a major force in the private sector through their holding of equity positions in large publicly traded corporations. More recently, these funds have been expanding their investment strategy by considering a corporations long-term risks on issues such as environmental protection, sustainability, and good corporate citizenship, and how these factors impact a companys long-term performance. Conventional wisdom argues that the fiduciary responsibility of the pension funds trustees must be solely focused on their beneficiaries and, therefore, their investment criteria must be based strictly on narrowly defined financial measures. It is also asserted that well-established financial measurements of corporate performance already include long-term risk assessment through discounted present value of future flow of earnings. Consequently, all other criteria are contrary to the best interest of the pension funds beneficiaries. In this paper, we assert that, contrary to conventional wisdom, pension funds, and for that matter other mutual funds, must be concerned with the long-term survival and growth of corporations. These measures are generally referred to socially responsible investing (SRI) and when applied to corporations, it is termed socially responsible corporate conduct (SRCC). We demonstrate that current measurement of future risk assessment invariably understates, and quite often completely overlooks, these long-term risks because of the inherent bias towards short-run on the part of financial intermediaries whose compensation depends greatly on short-term results. Furthermore, there is ample evidence to suggest that these intermediaries have been engaging in self-serving practices and thus failing in their duties to serve their clients, i.e. pension funds, best interests. Because of their large holdings in the total market as well as individual companies, these funds cannot easily divest from poorly performing companies without destabilizing the companies stock and overall markets. Hence, they must opt for a strategy of emphasizing investment criteria that encourage companies to take into account long-term aspects of their operations in terms of their impact on environment, sustainability, and community welfare, to name a few. We argue that an exclusionary, and even a primary, focus on short-term financial criteria is no longer a viable option. It also calls for the pension funds to encourage greater transparency and accountability of the entire corporate sector through improved corporate governance. Thus socially responsible investing practices are not merely discretionary and desirable activities; they are a necessary imperative, which both the corporations and public pension funds, and other large institutional holders, will ignore at serious peril to themselves. Finally, the paper considers some of the recent developments where corporations have been responding to these challenges and how their actions might be strengthened through greater disclosure and transparency of corporate activities. It also makes recommendations for the pension funds to support further research in creating new measurement standards that further refine the concept of socially responsible investing as a necessary ingredient of long-term corporate survival and growth in the context of a changing economic, environmental and socio-political dynamic.     

基于行业差异的企业年金最优个人缴费率研究

借助于两期叠代模型,构建个人效用函数以及政府社会福利函数,测算满足个人生命周期效用最大化和社会福利最大化的最优企业年金个人缴费率.研究表明:全社会最优的年金个人缴费率为6.40％,当前费率水平还有较大提升空间;按各行业最优缴费率征缴年金费用,可以提高年金制度的养老保障程度;把过剩的年金缴费能力转移给个人账户,可以实现帕累托优化效果;给予年金个人缴费5％的税收优惠,可以鼓励和加快年金制度发展.     

我国农村社会养老保险覆盖率的实证考察与政策建议

基于2003年～2010年相关数据,运用社会养老保险制度覆盖率计算公式,对农村社会养老保险覆盖率从纵向和横向(城乡差异)进行实证比较分析,指出制度模式、农民的收入水平、制度保障水平、城镇社会养老保险的历史债务以及社会养老保险关系转移的便捷性等问题是造成"新农保"覆盖率较低的重要原因,并从加快制度推进、提供多种制度模式、增加农民收入、提高制度保障水平以及以家庭为参保单位等方面,提出了政策建议。