税收与经济增长关系的文献综述

国内外学者对税收如何影响经济增长的问题进行了较多研究,既包括理论研究也包括经验分析,但相关研究并未得出一致的结论。本文分别从国外研究与国内研究两个方面,对相关文献进行梳理和总结,分析税收与经济增长的相关性,进而获取有益的启发,以期对政府制定合理的税收政策提供一定的帮助。     

取消农业税后河北省农村公共产品供给体制重构研究

中国农村公共产品供给体制存在先天性缺陷,取消农业税,一方面使这一体制进一步削弱,另一方面也为体制的重构提供了契机。河北省农村公共产品供给体制的重构,核心是重新划分各级政府在不同种类公共产品供给上的职责,并建立与其相适应的财力保证制度、激励与监督制度。     

确权、交易、资产化：对大数据转为生产要素基础理论问题的再思考

大数据是数字经济的基础性、战略性资源,是后疫情时代经济发展的重要生产要素,但社会各界对大数据的理论认知仍落后于其应用实践,而且大数据确权、交易定价、资产化问题也存在诸多争议,这对大数据产业和数字经济的持续健康发展形成潜在隐患,也成为制约大数据向生产要素正常转化并参与社会大生产的关键。文章在对大数据概念、属性重新认识的基础上,综合财经、法律等理论观点和实操技巧,阐述了大数据如何从商品流通要素演变为社会生产要素的市场逻辑以及使用价值如何注入大数据的资产化过程,并从实践视角提出大数据确权的法理基础和大数据交易所生态下交易定价模型。同时提出以数据税来弥补大数据采集环节个人和企业放弃的小微权利,将私权转化为社会公共产品,为大数据产业和要素市场发展提供新的借鉴。     

由我国个人所得税免征额调整引发的思考

<个人所得税法>从实施以来,我国已经对免征额进行了三次调整,最近两次调整的时间间隔很近,似乎个人所得税的问题只是一个免征额的变动问题.对居民来说,个人所得税问题的实质是税负的轻重和公平问题.免征额是对个人工作和生活费用的扣除,是一个动态的概念.历次免征额的调整,只是解决个人所得税问题的权宜之计,而要真正实现个人所得税调节个人收入、实现量能负担的税收公平原则,就必须对个人所得税进行全面改革.     

两税合并对引进外资的影响及对策分析

"两税"并存,让外资企业享受"超国民待遇",吸引外商投资,作为特定历史条件下的权宜之计,无可厚非。但随着经济的发展、时代的变迁,更需要有一个公平、公正的市场竞争与投资环境。基于自身的利益,围绕新税制的设计,各方曾有过激烈的博弈。本文就博弈的解数之一,即统一税制后是否会对引进外资产生严重的影响及如何应对问题,发表个人的浅见。     

基于ECM的我国税收弹性实证分析

运用时间数列和计量分析方法,利用1978--2006年我国税收收入和GDP数据,针对1978—1994年和1995--2006年两个阶段分别建立误差修正模型,对我国税收的长期弹性和短期弹性进行分析。研究结果发现：1978—1994年我国税收的长期弹性小于其短期弹性;自1995年以来,我国税收弹性发生了显著变化,税收的长期弹性大于其短期弹性。     

A dynamic CGE model for jointly accounting ageing population,automation and environmental tax reform. European Union as a case study

We develop a dynamic Computable General Equilibrium model based on the combination of different versions of GTAP utilities where alternative scenarios on ageing population trends are combined with projections on the incidence of automation into production processes and the adoption of unilateral decarbonisation policies. By simultaneously controlling for these different challenges that especially developed countries should face in the next decades, it is possible to disentangle non-linear mechanisms that will influence sustainability of public budget when the three issues are jointly combined. The European Union is taken as a case study. The first result is that ageing trends will impact fiscal sustainability reducing the EU capacity to respect the Stability and Growth Pact parameters. Second, when also considering technical change related to automation and robotics in the production process, fiscal sustainability will improve only in the case of input-neutral technological change. On the contrary, if biased technical change produces unemployment impact, negative impacts of ageing population are reinforced by automation. Third, the adoption of an environmental tax, here modelled in the form of a carbon price, leads to an improvement in environmental sustainability but has non-linear effects of fiscal sustainability.     

The Deterrent Effect of Whistleblowing on Tax Collections

Abstract

Many countries use tax-related whistleblowing programs, but the evidence on these programs suggests information provided by whistleblowers yields modest tax collections. However, when every citizen could become a whistleblower, deterrence from tax evasion can by itself increase tax collections. We find that tax collections significantly increased after the introduction of the whistleblowing mechanism in Israel in February 2013, although this mechanism directly yielded little or no tax collections. In support of the hypothesis that deterrence led to the increase in tax collections, we find that collections increased in industries with high tax-evasion risk, but not in industries with low tax-evasion risk. Furthermore, the increase in tax collections occurred in corporations, where the timing and magnitude of tax payments are more discretionary, but not from employees, for whom employers directly deduct taxes. Eventually, following reports that the whistleblowing mechanism is ineffective, deterrence diminished and tax collections decreased, suggesting the deterrence effect was temporary.     

Heterogeneous firms,corporate taxes and export behavior: A firm-level investigation for Italy

This paper analyses the effect of home corporate taxes on a firm’s decision to expand the scale of its activity through exports using a rich dataset on Italian firms. Starting out from the observation that firms’ export activity vary greatly among them and tend to be systematically related to firm’s characteristics, we relate differences in firms’ export choices to firm level incidence of corporate taxes. Our results suggest that (i) corporate taxes matter at both the extensive and the intensive margin and (ii) higher corporate taxes may increase the probability of new firms’ entry in the foreign market while they decrease the export intensity of incumbent exporters.     

Endogenous cyclical corporate tax burden in China: The role of tax quotas and growth targets

Using data from China Annual Survey of Industrial Firms and addressing potential endogeneity problem, we find that corporate tax burden in China is procyclical during recessions and countercyclical during booms. The cyclicality is stronger for enterprises whose corporate income taxes are levied by Local Tax Bureau (LTB). Procyclicality of corporate tax burden during recessions is larger for enterprises located in county, non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs), non-high-tech enterprises and large-medium enterprises. Furthermore, tax quotas and growth targets of local governments enhance procyclicality during recessions and the countercyclicality of corporate tax burden during booms. Tax collection and government spending are important channels through which tax quotas and growth targets affect the cyclicality of corporate tax burden, respectively. This paper provides important policy implications for China during economic recessions.