流转税收入分配调节功能初探

流转税不仅是筹集财政收入的重要手段,而且还具有一定的收入分配调节功能。近几年来我国税收不断超收,流转税作为我国的主体税种在组织财政收入方面的作用发挥的比较好,但其在调节收入分配方面的作用却表现不足,导致流转税调节收入分配乏力的主要原因是现行的流转税设计存在一些问题,因此只有改革和完善现行流转税制,才能更好地发挥流转税的收入分配调节功能。     

基于税基差异分析的企业所得税与会计制度协调与对策

所得税法与会计制度的差异是由税法目标与会计目标的分离所决定的,比较、分析、研究二者间的差异亦具有十分重要的意义。本文从理论上归纳出会计制度与企业所得税法间的差异,探讨了企业所得税及其与会计制度差异存在的问题,并对所得税改革与会计制度协调提出政策性建议。     

Nonpoint Source Pollution Taxes and Excessive Tax Burden

If a regulator is unable to measure firms’ individual emissions, an ambient tax can be used to achieve the socially desired level of pollution. With this tax, each firm pays a unit tax on aggregate emissions. In order for the tax to be effective, firms must recognize that their decisions affect aggregate emissions. When firms behave strategically with respect to the tax-setting regulator, under plausible circumstances their tax burden is lower under an ambient tax, relative to the tax which charges firms on the basis of individual emissions. Firms may prefer the case where the regulator is unable to observe individual firm emissions, even if this asymmetric information causes the regulator to tax each firm on the basis of aggregate emissions.     

美国税权划分制度评析与借鉴

美国的联邦、州和地方三级政府各自拥有属于本级的税权,并在同级政府层面上表现为税收立法权、执法权和司法权三者之间的划分与制衡。本文通过分析美国税权划分的主要特点,对我国税权划分改革提出了若干建议:确定税权划分的法定主义原则、税收立法权划分的指导思想、赋予地方适度税权的具体设想、明确划分中央与地方税收执法权限、建立解决地区间税权争议的协调机制、通过一些制度设计完善税收司法权的行使。     

绿色税收优惠能促进企业绿色转型吗

基于2008—2016年重污染行业上市公司绿色转型数据,研究绿色税收优惠对企业绿色转型的影响。研究发现：绿色税收优惠对企业绿色转型存在激励效应,该结论在经过一系列稳健性测试后依然不变。进一步研究发现,绿色税收优惠通过减少转型中面临的调整成本发挥其对企业绿色转型的激励作用,且该激励效果随着产权性质与地区市场化进程的不同而存在差异。     

公平与效率:资产证券化的税收政策取向

资产证券化作为当今国际资本市场上最具活力与最有效的一种金融工具正风靡全球,也进入了中国.资产证券化作为一项复杂的结构性融资安排,将受法律、税务、会计等多种制度的影响.本文力图在资产证券化税负分析框架的基础上,阐释税收作用机理,剖析我国税收政策缺失,探索税制优化路径.     

我国省际间财政差异趋势与影响因素的实证研究

本文通过1980-2005年间的样本数据,揭示1980年以来我国省际间财政差异的变化趋势,以及这种变化趋势的影响因素.我们的研究表明,在财政收入方面,受地区经济差异加大的影响,1994年以后财政收入差异有扩大态势,而分税制改革有助于缩小省际间财政收入差异.在财政支出方面,1995年以后财政支出差异呈上升趋势,这是地区间经济发展水平差异与分税制共同作用的结果,但是前者的作用远远大于后者.因此,缩小省际间财政差异的途径除转移支付外,还应当主要致力于缩小省际间经济发展水平差异.     

A choice experiment on fuel taxation and earmarking in Norway

Pigouvian taxes are efficient — but unpopular among voters — and hence often politically infeasible. Earmarking of revenues has been widely reported to increase public support for taxes, but earmarking is generally not the most efficient use of the revenues. This trade-off between efficiency and political feasibility is the motivation for our primary research objective: to quantify the effect of earmarking on support for fuel tax rises. Our secondary research objective is to investigate why earmarking increases support. Using data from a representative sample of the Norwegian voter population (N = 1147), we estimate models of voter preferences for fuel taxes using logistic regression models. Our results show that, in the absence of earmarking, the majority of voters would like to reduce fuel taxes, but earmarking the revenues for environmental measures has a substantial effect on voter support for fuel tax increases, garnering a majority for increases of up to 15% above present levels. Further analysis indicates that a prime reason why earmarking for environmental measures is popular is that it increases the perceived environmental effectiveness of the tax, and hence its legitimacy as an environmental rather than a fiscal policy instrument.     

The Welfare Economics of a Biofuel Tax Credit and the Interaction Effects with Price Contingent Farm Subsidies

A framework is developed to analyze the effects of a biofuel consumer tax exemption and the interaction effects with a price contingent farm subsidy. Ethanol prices rise above the gasoline price by the amount of the tax credit. Corn farmers gain directly while gasoline consumers only gain from any reduction in world oil prices due to the extra ethanol production. Domestic oil producers lose. Historically, the intercept of the ethanol supply curve is above the gasoline price. Hence, part of the tax credit is redundant and represents rectangular deadweight costs that dwarf triangular deadweight cost measures of traditional farm subsidies.     

税收优惠政策筹划的技术分析--以企业所得税为例

运用税收优惠政策进行税收筹划的基本要求就是,在掌握政策精神和了解自身情况的基础上,对各种税收优惠政策进行比较和选择,其中最重要的是对国家税收优惠政策的把握.不但要把握现有的税收优惠政策,还要把握税收优惠政策的变动趋势,后者尤为重要.本文主要论述如何掌握企业所得税税收优惠政策并进行筹划.