铁路运输企业会计制度与税法的协调

财政部于2000年年底颁发的《企业会计制度》将于2005年在国有企业全面执行。通过比较企业会计制度与企业所得税税收法规，说明新的会计标准与税收标准对企业所得税的现金流产生的影响，并就铁路运输企业执行企业会计制度与税法的协调提出具体意见。     

Taxation of foreign multinationals: A sequential bargaining approach to tax holidays

Tax holidays for foreign multinational firms are tax concessions or straight subsidies granted for a limited period after entry. Such phenomena occur widely. We apply a sequential bargaining framework to a problem of ex post bilateral monopoly characterized by the presence of a host-country government and a foreign multinational firm. We show formally how a tax holiday can arise due to irreversible outlays and outside options.     

对当前我国农业税制改革思路的比较与分析

我国农业税制40年来，基本沿用了建立之初的基本框架，早已不能适应经济发展的要求。改革我国农业税制的必要性已在全社会成为共识，但究竟怎么改，还远未形成统一意见。很有必要对几种主要的改革思路予以比较和分析，以明确农业税制建设的思路。     

欠发达地区农村公共产品供给体制创新与农民增收

农村公共产品的有效供给有利于农民增收。欠发达地区农村公共产品供给严重不足制约农民增收,农村税费改革又导致了欠发达地区农村公共产品供给捉襟见肘。本文就农村税费改革后如何创新农村公共产品供给体制及增加农民收入提出一系列对策。     

Exports,foreign direct investment,and the costs of corporate taxation

This paper develops a model of a monopolistically competitive industry with extensive and intensive investment and shows how these margins respond to changes in average and marginal corporate tax rates. Intensive investment refers to the size of a firm’s capital stock. Extensive investment refers to the firm’s production location and reflects the trade-off between exports and foreign direct investment as alternative modes of foreign market access. The paper derives comparative static effects of the corporate tax and shows how the cost of public funds depends on the measures of effective marginal and average tax rates and on the elasticities of extensive and intensive investment. The paper was presented in 2006 at the German public finance meeting in Giessen; the Institute for Advanced Studies in Vienna; the ESF/CEPR Workshop on Outsourcing, Migration and the European Economy in Rome; the University of St. Gallen; the Graduate Institute for International Studies in Geneva, and in 2007 at the International Monetary Fund in Washington, DC, the CESifo Area Conference in Public Sector Economics in Munich and the 63rd IIPF Congress in Warwick. I appreciate stimulating comments by Michael Devereux and seminar participants and, in particular, by the discussants Andreas Haufler and Nadine Riedl, an anonymous referee and the editor Richard Cornes.     

论税务筹划实施的必然性及现实意义

开展税务筹划是市场经济下企业的一项合法行为,它有利于提高企业财务管理水平,增强企业竞争力,有助于企业财务管理目标的实现。目前,税务筹划开始步入中国,中国企业的税务筹划意识在不断增强,为中国企业与国际接轨创造了条件。     

A welfare analysis of the site value taxation model

This study is a short-run version of Brueckner's (long-run) analysis of graded tax systems. Brueckner assumes a long-run market equilibrium that allows for changes in the market value of the land with a zero profit condition. It is our contention that it is more realistic to solve for the short-run conditions with fixed value of land. Under these conditions, we find that if land is relatively inexpensive, the graded tax system leads to superiority in terms ofk (capital improvement per unit of land),Q (initial housing output), andCS (Consumers' Surplus). With steeper inverse demand curves and greater marginal product and initial housing output, the land tax has a more negative impact on profit with graded tax systems.     

The origin principle and the welfare gains from indirect tax harmonization

This paper establishes a parallelism between indirect tax harmonization when taxes are levied according to the destination principle and its counterpart when taxes are imposed on an origin basis. Using a simple two-country model of international trade it is argued that, under normal circumstances, indirect tax harmonization under the origin principle, considered as a movement of domestic taxes toward an appropriately designed average tax structure, is potentially Pareto improving. It is also shown that if the initial position is a Nash equilibrium, there are exceptional situations under which the above-mentioned reform may generate an actual Pareto improvement, so that both countries improve their welfare without any need for a compensating international transfer.     

“营改增”的减税效应——基于DSGE模型的分析

在新凯恩斯的分析框架下,根据中国经济的实际发展情况,构建了包括家庭、中间品厂商、最终品厂商、中央银行以及财政部门在内的动态随机一般均衡（DSGE）模型,评估了“营改增”的减税效应。对“营改增”减税效应的评估从两个维度进行：首先,把流转税领域税负减轻作为一个外生冲击,分析了社会总产出、消费水平、政府支出、劳动水平、工资水平、投资和资本存量等宏观经济变量的变动趋势;其次,构建了“营改增”前后两个不同的政策环境,并模拟了投资下降的经济下行冲击,对比分析了减税前后总产出对外生冲击的反应程度。研究发现：“营改增”虽然降低了政府部门的税收收入,但其减税效应能促进产出和消费的增加,激发整个经济的增长潜力;目前的改革力度在应对经济下行压力时尚没有发挥出预期的效果。     

中国现行环境保护税费政策评析及建议

环境保护是政府公共服务的一个重要领域。改革开放以来,中国采取了一系列与环境相关的税收和收费政策,取得了积极效果。但是,随着经济的快速增长,现行政策愈来愈难以适应现实需求。我国应设立单独的环境税,完善现行收费政策。