C2C淘宝网发展的SWOT分析

文章从C2C购物网站淘宝网发展的基本条件出发,通过运用SWOT分析法,对淘宝网进行系统综合分析,找出其快速发展中的成功经验与存在的问题,并探讨了淘宝网未来的发展对策,对加快C2C购物网站的发展有一定指导意义.     

Treatment patterns and healthcare costs among newly-diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving dasatinib or nilotinib as first-line therapy in the United States

Objective: To compare treatment patterns and economic outcomes of dasatinib and nilotinib as 1st-line therapies for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

Methods: Adult CML patients initiated on first-line dasatinib or nilotinib in 2010–2014 were identified from two large US administrative claims databases. Treatment patterns, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) adherence and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs were measured from the 1st-line TKI initiation (index date) to the end of follow-up.

Results: A total of 604 and 418 patients were included in the dasatinib and nilotinib cohorts (mean ages = 50.9 and 52.5 years, 46.4% and 45.7% female), respectively. Among the dasatinib patients, 91% started with 100?mg/day, 3% with <100?mg/day, and 6% with >100?mg/day. Among the nilotinib patients, 76% started with 600?mg/day, 16% with >600?mg/day, and 8% <600?mg/day. The dasatinib cohort had a higher hazard of dose decrease (hazard ratio [HR]?=?1.66; p?=?.002) and of switching to another TKI (HR =1.62; p?=?.019) compared to the nilotinib cohort. The hazard of dose increase (HR =0.76; p?=?.423) and treatment discontinuation (HR =1.10; p?=?.372) were not significantly different between cohorts. There was also no significant difference in TKI adherence levels (mean proportion of days covered [PDC] difference over first 6 months = ?0.0003, p?=?.981; mean PDC difference over first 12 months = ?0.0022, p?=?.880) and HRU (inpatient day incidence rate ratio [IRR]?=?1.03, p?=?.930; emergency room IRR =1.26, p?=?.197; and days with outpatient services IRR = 1.01, p?=?.842). The dasatinib cohort incurred higher healthcare costs by $749 per patient per month (p?=?.044) compared to the nilotinib cohort.

Limitation: Information on CML phase and Sokal score was not available.

Conclusions: Dasatinib was associated with an increased hazard of dose decrease and switching to another TKI and higher healthcare costs, vs nilotinib.     

Women’s Empowerment and Child Malnutrition: The Case of Mozambique

Using data from the 2011 Demographic and Health Survey in Mozambique this paper checks whether women empowerment has an impact on the nutritional status of children. We evaluate the degree of empowerment of women via multidimensional approaches, making a distinction between five domains: decision making, use of violence by husband/partner, attitude of the woman towards this use of violence, available information, material resources. Each domain includes several questions reflecting different aspects of empowerment. For each domain of empowerment, three different methods of aggregation are used: correspondence analysis, the so‐called Alkire and Foster methodology and the “fuzzy sets” approach. The impact of women empowerment on the nutritional status of children is analyzed via the MIMIC approach. No clear‐cut conclusion concerning the possible impact of women’s empowerment on the nutritional status of children could be drawn. But, ceteris paribus, the material wealth of the household, the educational level of the mother and her BMI are positively correlated with the nutritional status of children which is also higher when the child is female. Finally, there are important differences in the nutritional status of children between the various regions of Mozambique and this nutritional status is in most regions lower in rural areas.     

流速、流量、流向与供应链资金流协调

供应链管理作为一种跨越企业组织边界,在一个完整的流程上共享经营资源和信息,以整体优化为目标的管理模式,已成为企业获得可持续竞争能力的一种基本途径。其中资金流的协调问题是供应链得以维系的关键。基于供应链上企业之间的关系,研究供应链的资金流流转。通过分析供应链资金流协调的影响因素,从而可以促进供应链资金流的协调,提升供应链的竞争力。     

超声波辅助提取油茶籽粕中蛋白的工艺研究

以油茶籽粕为原料,采用超声波辅助碱溶酸沉法提取油茶籽蛋白.在单因素基础上通过正交实验选出最佳的超声参数,并得出最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1：20（g/mL）,pH10,超声温度50℃,超声功率300 W,超声时间60 min.此条件下,油茶籽蛋白提取率可达57.82％.并对本实验获得的油茶籽粗蛋白粉感官特征指标和质量指标进行评价,产品质量较好,能够满足市场要求.     

GATS下中国互联网过滤审查制度法律问题研究——以谷歌搜索引擎争端为视角

中国与谷歌搜索引擎争端涉及中国的互联网过滤审查制度。首先,中国相关措施适用于GATS。其次,搜索引擎服务属于Provisional CPC844"数据库服务",中国并没有对该服务部门作出承诺,因而中国并不承担市场准入及国民待遇的义务。再次,美国对中国可能的诉讼根据是GATS第3条透明度。最后,即使专家组认定搜索引擎服务属于其他中国作出具体承诺的服务部门,中国也可援引GATS第14条一般例外进行抗辩。总体而言,美国并没有强有力的理由提起WTO诉讼。     

Heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, and spatial correlation robust inference in linear panel models with fixed-effects

This paper develops an asymptotic theory for test statistics in linear panel models that are robust to heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation and/or spatial correlation. Two classes of standard errors are analyzed. Both are based on nonparametric heteroskedasticity autocorrelation (HAC) covariance matrix estimators. The first class is based on averages of HAC estimators across individuals in the cross-section, i.e. “averages of HACs”. This class includes the well known cluster standard errors analyzed by Arellano (1987) as a special case. The second class is based on the HAC of cross-section averages and was proposed by Driscoll and Kraay (1998). The ”HAC of averages” standard errors are robust to heteroskedasticity, serial correlation and spatial correlation but weak dependence in the time dimension is required. The “averages of HACs” standard errors are robust to heteroskedasticity and serial correlation including the nonstationary case but they are not valid in the presence of spatial correlation. The main contribution of the paper is to develop a fixed-b asymptotic theory for statistics based on both classes of standard errors in models with individual and possibly time fixed-effects dummy variables. The asymptotics is carried out for large time sample sizes for both fixed and large cross-section sample sizes. Extensive simulations show that the fixed-b approximation is usually much better than the traditional normal or chi-square approximation especially for the Driscoll-Kraay standard errors. The use of fixed-b critical values will lead to more reliable inference in practice especially for tests of joint hypotheses.