Investment responses to Japanese tax reforms: A cross-industry comparison

This paper examines the investment responses to past Japanese tax reforms for individual industries. To identify the tax effect, this paper estimates investment functions by using a covariate of the change in tax-adjusted q caused by tax reform. This method alleviates the measurement error problem and enables the derivation of estimates indicating the valid adjustment cost of investment. Moreover, the findings suggest that firms’ investment responded significantly to tax reforms in the 1980s in general. Also, investments of only a few industries responded to those in the late 1990s, implying that the manner of investment response slightly differs among industries.     

分布式地矿点源信息系统的构件化体系结构设计

应用数据集市技术、分布式构件技术以及Java技术,本文提出了一种以Internet为运行平台的新的分布式地矿点源信息系统设计方案。文中从数据库体系结构和应用系统的体系结构方面,探讨其构件化体系结构设计的原理与方法。实践结果表明,这种新的设计方案可以使该系统的新一代产品以更低的代价发挥更大的效益。     

Land administration “best practice” providing the infrastructure for land policy implementation

Land administration systems, and particularly their core cadastral components, are an important infrastructure which facilitates the implementation of land use policies. While most land administration systems traditionally have a primary objective of supporting the operation of land markets, they are increasingly evolving into a broader land information infrastructure which supports economic development, environmental management and social stability in both developed and developing countries. While a great deal of attention is given to land use policies worldwide concerned with such areas as forest management, coastal zone management, environmental sustainability and managing the urban environment, less attention is given to the infrastructures which facilitate the implementation of the associated policies and programmes. Importantly, all these activities rely on some form of land administration infrastructure which permits the complex range of rights, restrictions and responsibilities in land to be identified, mapped and managed as a basis for policy formulation and implementation. As a result, there is an increasing interest in the concept of land administration infrastructures and their core cadastres, in the principles and policies concerned with establishing such infrastructures and in “best practices”. In addressing this need, this paper attempts to explain the evolving concept of land administration infrastructures, the concept of “best practice” and the concept of a land administration “tool box” of principles, policies, laws and technologies which are useful in reforming or re-engineering land administration systems in support of a broader land policy agenda.     

陕西省优秀竞技健美操运动员冬训期机能监控

本文通过对陕西省优秀竞技健美操运动员冬训期Hb、CK、BUN、T的跟踪监控,试图分析与研究其训练特点和相关生理生化指标的变化规律。研究结果表明其基本上适应训练计划负荷,训练安排比较合理科学,机能监控发挥了非常重要的作用。     

Characteristics affecting health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Japanese patients with reflux oesophagitis and the effect of lansoprazole on HRQOL

Abstract

Objectives: A survey of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the Japanese general population has suggested that HRQOL is affected by sex and age. We investigated whether there is any effect of baseline patients' characteristics on HRQOL of patients with reflux oesophagitis (RE), and its changes with lansoprazole (LPZ) treatment.

Research design and methods: This was a post hoc analysis of an open-label, multicentre, post-marketing, observational study which investigated the effect of LPZ (15 or 30 mg/day for 8 weeks) on HRQOL in patients with RE. At baseline, and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, HRQOL was assessed using a Japanese version of the 8-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8) and a newly-developed RE-specific questionnaire (RESQ). Stratified analysis of changes in HRQOL scores according to baseline patient characteristics such as sex, age and baseline severity of typical RE symptoms was performed.

Results: A total of 8,757 patients were included in the efficacy analysis. At baseline, physical component summary scores from the SF-8 were lower in older patients (≥60 years) than in younger patients (<60 years), and mental component summary scores were lower in younger patients than in older patients. These scores significantly improved after LPZ treatment regardless of sex and age. HRQOL scores were lower in patients with more severe typical RE symptoms at baseline. After LPZ treatment, HRQOL scores significantly improved to similar levels irrespective of the severity of the typical RE symptom at baseline.

Conclusions: This post hoc analysis suggests that sex, age and severity of typical RE symptoms affect HRQOL in patients with RE in Japan, and such factors do not affect the improvement of HRQOL with LPZ treatment. The present study suggests a positive impact of LPZ; however, it is difficult to estimate the degree of improvement in HRQOL that may have arisen from symptomatic relief as part of the natural history of the disease from the study. Our results may overestimate the efficacy of LPZ. Further well-controlled clinical studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of LPZ on HRQOL in patients with RE.     

Loïc Wacquant's ‘Ghetto’ and Ethnic Minority Segregation in the UK: The Neglected Case of Gypsy‐Travellers

This article utilizes Loïc Wacquant's concept of the ghetto as an analytical tool in understanding the marginal and ambivalent position of Gypsy‐Traveller populations resident on sites (or camps) in Britain. The article argues that the fruitful work of quantitative urban scholars on ethnic segregation in the UK has neglected Gypsy‐Travellers. It suggests that the theoretical concept of the ghetto can elucidate the ways in which the spatial marginality of sites serves as a weapon of ‘confinement and control’ for the dominant, and an ‘integrative and protective device’ for the stigmatized Gypsy‐Traveller population. Drawing on qualitative empirical data, key characteristics in Wacquant's definition of the ghetto are shown to hold true for Gypsy‐Traveller sites; these include ethnic homogeneity, spatial confinement, shared cultural identity, mutual distancing and a retreat into the private sphere of the family. This comparison also reveals key differences in terms of economic function, parallel institutionalism and the relationship with the state. The article points to the potential offered by Wacquant's theory and suggests that the dismissal of the ghetto concept within the UK ignores its power as a tool of comparison. The article suggests that qualitative and theoretical approaches should seek to complement the work of quantitative social scientists through focusing on everyday social relations and encounters between ethnic minority groups and ‘host’ populations — both within and outwith residential boundaries. It also questions the urban‐centred focus of debates on ethnic segregation.     

Tourism and rural settlements Nepal’s Annapurna region

Functional and humanist perspectives relevant to counterurbanization studies are applied to examine the processes of growth and development of rural settlements affected by tourism. Based on a survey of tourism lodges located in several settlements in the Annapurna region of Nepal, this paper analyzes tourism-induced growth in such accommodations and its implications on changing characteristics. Results suggest the emergence of a hierarchical structure of rural settlements with core and peripheral traits. A normative classification of induced patterns defined by their development stage, size, and function is proposed. Historical, social, and economic influences on the transformation of rural settlements are discussed.     

“Going global” and FDI inflows in China: “One Belt & One Road” initiative as a quasi‐natural experiment

This paper investigates the impact of “One Belt & One Road” as an exogenous policy shock on the utilisation of foreign capital in China in the short term. Based on provincial panel data for the years 2003–15, the empirical study is conducted with difference‐in‐differences design. The first difference is whether a province is an OBOR province, and the second is whether “One Belt & One Road” initiative has been proposed. The empirical results suggest the utilisation of foreign capital in OBOR provinces has decreased significantly compared to non‐OBOR provinces after the initiative has been proposed. The study has further shown that the OBOR construction not only means factor movements and projects but also stands for policy shock. Its impact on utilisation of foreign capital cannot be simply captured by the commonly quantifiable “going global” indicators, namely outward direct investment, overseas contracted projects or overseas labour services. The negative impact of the initiative on foreign capital utilisation is strongly reflected in the OBOR provinces with low levels of economic development, heavy fiscal burdens and high proportions of state‐owned economy. In the short term, the negative impact of the initiative on foreign capital utilisation may be due to its role in resource competition and signal delivering. The former means that the OBOR initiative may induce resource competition between “going global” and “bringing in,” and the latter suggests that this initiative is likely to be regarded as a “signal” by foreign investors that “going global,” not “bringing in,” has become the priority of the government.     

重庆市主城区中环快速路道路红线研究

本文从重庆城市用地及交通发展趋势分析入手,对中环线快速路的功能定位,以及中环快速路在控规落实过程中存在的问题进行深入分析,针对具体的区位条件和沿线的城市开发建设情况,提出合理的红线宽度,同时也对中环快速路与周边城市道路的衔接进行研究,针对不同的需求,提出不同的处理方式,使其更好地服务城市。