论公用企业反垄断的法律机制

公用企业的自然垄断性已大大减弱，市场机制发挥作用的领域正逐渐扩大。为了适应公用企业发展的这种需求，各国通过废除公用企业特权和专有权、限定基本经济利益等手段，放松了对这些行业的管制，实现了价格形成机制的市场化以及产品销售的市场化。我国要打破公用企业的垄断局面，就应完善部门法的规定，建立有效竞争机制，为反垄断法在公用企业领域的适用提供必要的体制支持。     

论药品专利和公共健康问题——以人权和“价值平衡”理论为视角

WTO建立的TRIPS协议将包括药品在内的一切发明都纳入可以给予专利保护的范围，这使发展中国家在解决本国因艾滋病、结核病和疟疾等传染病引起的公共健康问题时，和发达国家相关药品的专利保护之间产生冲突。从当前全球的公共健康现状出发，运用人权和“价值平衡”理论对此分析，可以得出这样的结论：作为基本人权，发展中国家人民的生命健康权应该优于知识产权加以保护。     

关于上市公司会计信息失真的研究

证券市场的有效运转是以信息披露制度的成熟程度为基础的 ,现从上市公司会计信息披露现状入手 ,分析我国会计信息失真的原因是企业管理层和外部信息使用者各自掌握的信息不对称 ,进而从完善内部约束机制、完善外部监控机制、完善会计准则方面提出规范措施     

中国农民集体土地产权配置的实证辨析

在偏重公平价值的中国农民集体土地产权配置的基本框架下,任何追求效率的具体法律安排均无法避免与之发生内在冲突;无论是集体土地所有权的性质悖论、主体悖论还是土地承包经营权的性质悖论都是这种冲突的必然结果。要提高农业生产的效率,必须从实证的角度改革农民集体土地的产权配置,化解现存悖论;改革只能以明晰土地承包经营权的物权性质为切入点。     

浅谈上市公司会计信息披露存在的问题及对策

我国证券市场尚处于逐步发展完善阶段,虽然建立了一些上市公司会计信息披露制度,但还不够健全,存在问题很多,这不利于其健康发展。本文针对上市公司会计信息披露制度中存在的问题,提出了一些对策,进而提高会计信息披露的质量。     

河南省农村公共物品投资的经济增长效应研究

本文运用面板数据模型分析了河南省农村公共物品固定资产投资对农村经济增长的影响。固定效应模型表明,农村公共物品固定资产投资是造成地区间农业总产值差异的因素;随机效应模型表明,农村公共物品固定资产投资也是造成同一地区不同年份农业总产值变化的因素,即农村公共物品固定资产投资促进了农村经济增长。最后分析了河南省当前农村公共物品供给存在的问题及解决对策。     

New development: Gender (responsive) budgeting—a reflection on critical issues and future challenges

Gender budgeting needs to become institutionalized more strongly in our societies and public policies. The article suggests some of the possible challenges to be taken into consideration to make it ‘work’, including availability of technical capacities and data, securing support in the political agenda, involving stakeholders, balancing spontaneity and standardization, and considering wider sources of inequality.     

R&D Spillovers for Public R&D Productivity

ABSTRACT

This paper empirically investigates whether the productivity of a public (government-funded) R&D project improves when the aggregate R&D investment in the same technology field increases. Based on the unique project level data that cover almost entire public R&D projects in Korea, this paper shows that aggregate investment in other public R&D projects in the same technology field increases a public R&D project’s outputs both independent of its project expenditure (additive spillover effects) and interactive with its project expenditure (multiplicative spillover effects). The spillover effects from the aggregate private R&D investment in the same technology field also exist, but to a much lesser extent.     

Keeping Public Institutions Invested in Tobacco

Increasingly through the 1990s, tobacco control advocates questioned the practice of public institutions investing in tobacco company stocks. The questioning was framed in at least three ways. First, is it ethical to fund public expenditures with profits from a product that causes addiction and disease? Second, is it sound social policy to derive public income from a product that increases healthcare costs and reduces worker productivity? Finally, is it sound fiscal policy to invest in an historically profitable industry facing multiplying legal and regulatory challenges? While the tobacco industry preferred to restrict discussion to the fiscal question, and offered an affirmative answer, its position was weakened by depressed stock prices brought on by actions of the industry as much as by tobacco control activism. As part of a campaign to restore its credibility as an investment vehicle with public fund managers, Philip Morris (PM) commissioned a report from the influential investment managers/advisors Wilshire Associates. However, Wilshire had only recently conducted such a study for the Washington State Investment Board (WSIB), assuring the board that the value tobacco stocks added to an investment portfolio – if any – was too small to be measured. Nonetheless, within a year, Wilshire produced a report for PM which appeared to laud the investment value of tobacco and to dismiss tobacco-excluded investment alternatives. This paper examines how Wilshire produced apparently diametrically opposed reports for clients with different interests. It reveals a pattern of potential conflicts of interest among tobacco companies, financial analysis firms, investment authorities, and institutional fund managers. It demonstrates substantial violations of two generally accepted ethical principles of business consulting: veracity and transparency.     

和谐社会视角下的公共服务型政府建设

当前的中国正处于经济转轨和社会转型的关键时期,构建和谐社会是进一步推动和保持经济高速发展的决定性因素,而建设一个定位准确的公共服务型政府是实现和谐社会的重要保证.建设公共服务型政府必须结合我国政府改革和社会发展的实际,转变观念,正确定位,深化改革,强化服务职能,建立中国特色的公共服务模式与体系.