Quantifying the structure of food demand in China: An econometric approach

This article examines food demand structure and its dynamics for 11 commodities in urban China. The analysis is based on household‐level expenditure survey data for two cross‐sectional surveys of Chinese households pertaining to food expenditure patterns during 1995 and 2003. Pre‐committed components of commodity demands, that are insensitive to economic variables, are explored. We use the generalized quadratic almost ideal demand system (GQAIDS) for its empirical superiority to the generalized almost ideal demand system (GAIDS), and estimate the associated parameters via full information maximum likelihood procedure (FIML) accounting for endogeneity of total expenditures on food for home consumption (FAH). We also use quality‐adjusted commodity unit values to control for quality differences resulting from commodity aggregation and food choice. Furthermore, we derive GQAIDS elasticity formulas, and estimate income elasticities without restrictions. The results partially support the hypothesis that an average Chinese household has incorporated elements of Western diet (fine grains) into traditional Chinese food diet over time. Moreover, the outcome of a simple test developed here points to possible preference changes for a majority of food staples under study.     

中国木质家具贸易条件变动分析

从进出口贸易数量、金额、价格、市场等方面论述我国木质家具的贸易变化情况。计算和分析木质家具的价格贸易条件和收入贸易条件,通过模型对其价格贸易条件变化进行预测。通过静态贸易条件和动态贸易条件两个指标,从贸易条件角度分析中国木质家具贸易利益的变化情况,判断木质家具是否出现了贫困化增长。提出改善我国木质家具贸易条件的建议。     

网络知识产权的刑事法保护——以其对传统知识产权的特征变异为视角

网络知识产权是由数字网络发展引起的或是相关的各种知识产权以及在网络环境下,人们对传统知识产权的数字信息形式成果所依法享有的专有性权利的总称。它对传统知识产权的地域性、时间性和专有性特征均发生了变异。新形势下对网络知识产权的刑事法保护上要注重对犯罪目的、犯罪对象、客体、刑罚配置等实体法研究,注重对刑事管辖、审理模式、诉讼模式等程序法研究。     

浅谈建筑工程施工阶段工程变更签证管理

为了加强对建筑工程造价的有效控制,尽量减少工程施工阶段工程变更签证,保证工程结算价不超过即定的投资计划额,同时加快工程结算进度。针对以往建筑工程中工程变更的管理经验和体会,提出了一些看法和措施。     

基于变异系数的可拓模型在配送中心选址中的应用

根据可拓理论的基本方法，选取影响物流配送中心选址的主要因素组成影响因素集，建立物流配送中心选址决策模型。在确定影响因素权重时，选用了变异系数法，避免了人为确定权重的主观性和局限性．增强了决策结果的客观性和准确性，将该模型应用到一个实例当中，证明了该模型的可行性。     

Tax Incidence in Vietnam*

This paper examines the incidence of taxation in Vietnam, using data from the Living Standards Survey of 1997–1998 and an input–output matrix for 1997. The tax system in 1998 was slightly progressive, taking the equivalent of 7.8percent of spending for households in the lowest, and 10.3percent from households in the highest expenditure quintile. The replacement of the turnover tax by a value‐added tax in January 1999 made the system marginally more progressive, and the falling importance of taxes on trade has had a negligible effect on the overall incidence of the tax system. The tax system is progressive overall because business income taxes fall mainly on better‐off households; and low‐income households rely heavily on home consumption, which is untaxed. Against this, agricultural taxes and fees are highly regressive. The recent phasing out of the agricultural land use tax is making the tax system more progressive; however, efforts since 2004 to limit price increases for motor fuels have effectively provided a relatively greater subsidy to rich than to poor households.     

Analytical Valuation of American Options on Jump-Diffusion Processes

We derive analytic formulas for the value of American options when the underlying asset follows a jump-diffusion process and pays continuous dividends. They early exercise premium has a form very different form from that for diffusion processes, and this can be attributed to the discontinuous nature of the price paths. Analytical formulas are derived for several distributions of the jump amplitude.     

LIFTING QUADRATIC TERM STRUCTURE MODELS TO INFINITE DIMENSION

We introduce an infinite dimensional generalization of quadratic term structure models of interest rates, aiming that the lift will give us a deeper understanding of the classical models. We show that it preserves some of the favorable properties of the classical quadratic models.     

关于总体及其概念的几点认识

总体是指客观存在的、在同一性质基础上结合起来的许多个别单位的整体,即所要调查研究的事物或现象的全体。总体的同质性实际意味着总体是每一个个体的代表,是每一个个体的缩影与化身;总体的大量性应该是指总体的可大量观察性;总体的变异性反映总体表现形式的多样性。统计学原理与数理统计关于总体的定义是对立的,同时也是统一的。统计学对于总体的认识具有综合性。     

Nonconvergence in the Variation of the Hedging Strategy of a European Call Option

In this paper we consider the variation of the hedging strategy of a European call option when the underlying asset follows a binomial tree. In a binomial tree model the hedging strategy of a European call option converges to a continuous process when the number of time points increases so that the price process of the underlying asset converges to a Brownian motion, the Bachelier model. However, the variation of the hedging strategy need not converge to the variation of the limit process. In fact, it is shown that the asymptotic variation of the hedging strategy may be of any order.