股权分置改革视角下独立董事对议案事项监督机制研究

采用2005—2014年我国上市公司独立董事对议案事项意见的独特数据,从明确监管议案事项、非明确监管事项和股权分置改革等三方面深入考察其对独立董事出具否定意见的影响。研究发现,在我国上市公司中,对明确监管议案事项出具否定意见概率低,说明“逆淘汰”机制和“任人唯亲”董事会文化的存在使得监督效果大打折扣。同时发现,在股权分置改革后,独立董事对议案事项出具否定意见概率更低;出于规避法律风险的考虑,独立董事对明确监管事项出具否定意见的概率相对较高。因此,监管层应加强对各类议案事项检查力度而非仅仅明确监管事项;科学厘清独立董事在董事会决策中的责任边界,明确独立董事承担的法律风险。     

资本市场监管边界研究——来自短期融资券与公司债券市场发展对比的启示

政府对资本市场的监管一直是各界争论的焦点.实践证明,不同金融领域的监管政策是影响该领域发展的重要因素.2005年引进的短期融资券是发展最成功的金融产品之一,与有20年历史的企业债形成鲜明对比.通过比较,认为过去的政策和市场监管严重妨碍了公司债券市场多样性的发展,导致发行缓慢和流动性欠佳.针对这些不足,提出公司债券市场的监管边界--在保护供需双方多元化的基础上.提高发行效率、扩大投资者范围及完善交易平台.     

2005年以来的人民币汇率制度改革：成效、问题和对策

2005年以来,人民币汇率制度改革取得一定的成效,人民币汇率已经趋近于均衡汇率,汇率市场化明显提高,国际收支失衡有所缓解.但是在金融危机的影响之下,最近人民币汇率的波动幅度明显下降,又呈现出固定钉住制度的特征,而且我国货币政策的独立性依旧受到制约,过度依赖外需的经济增长模式还没有转变.进一步推进人民币汇率制度改革,必须扩大汇率弹性,灵活调整货币篮子,深化产权改革,进一步完善外汇市场,稳步推进资本账户开放.     

美国转基因生物安全行政监管特点分析

美国的转基因生物安全行政监管主要由农业部、环保署及食品药品管理局负责,部门之间分工明确,且建立了高效的协调机制和良好的公众参与制度;监管部门均设有下属专业的管理单位,强调检测评价报告以科学为依据,在管制方法上,以研究者为核心,以公司财产为担保,采用"自律"管制.这些特点的产生主要依赖于较完善的法律体系以及相当稳定的社会规范.根据我国转基因生物安全监管的现状,美国的监管体系值得我们借鉴:管理机构问的高度协调机制、专家知识的充分利用与信息共享,以及良好的公众参与制度.     

我国劳动力流动的动态和预期经济效应分析

劳动力流动是市场机制发挥配置资源作用的表现。从静态分析看,劳动力流动调剂了供需双方缺口,提高了整个社会福利水平。从动态角度看,我国的中心城市和经济先发展地区具有吸引资金、技术和知识资本的优越条件,决定着劳动力流动方向,而且因累积循环作用,引起回波效应大于扩散效     

Trends in Approval Times for Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States and the European Union

Genetically engineered (GE) crops are subject to regulatory oversight to ensure their safety for humans and the environment. Their approval in the European Union (EU) starts with an application in a given Member State followed by a scientific risk assessment, and ends with a political decision‐making step (risk management). In the United States (US) approval begins with a scientific (field trial) step and ends with a ‘bureaucratic’ decision‐making step. We investigate trends for the time taken for these steps and the overall time taken for approving GE crops in the US and the EU. Our results show that from 1996–2015 the overall time trend for approval in the EU decreased and then flattened off, with an overall mean completion‐time of 1,763 days. In the US in 1998 there was a break in the trend of the overall approval time. Initially, from 1988 until 1997 the trend decreased with a mean approval time of 1,321 days; from 1998–2015, the trend almost stagnated with a mean approval time of 2,467 days.     

Assessing qualitative similarities between financial reporting frameworks using visualization and rules: COREP vs. pillar 3

Financial institutions are struggling with larger volume, more specific and greater frequency of regulatory reporting after the global financial crisis in 2008, especially those that need to report to multiple jurisdictions. To help to improve reporting efficiency, this paper aims to assess the existence of similarities between templates related to credit and counter party credit risk of COREP and Pillar 3 regulatory reporting frameworks by applying Correspondence Analysis and Association Rules Mining. Our results suggest a high degree of overlap between these reporting frameworks, more prominently the three business functions as Front office, Finance and Risk. These patterns can be used as guidance for financial institutions to reshape their reporting architecture.     

简析网上银行的法律问题

本文立足于我国网上银行运营的实际情况,以现行法律规范为基础,针对网上银行交易和网上银行监管所涉及的法律问题进行分析。     

EXPLICIT SOLUTIONS OF CONSUMPTION-INVESTMENT PROBLEMS IN FINANCIAL MARKETS WITH REGIME SWITCHING

We consider a consumption and investment problem where the market presents different regimes. An investor taking decisions continuously in time selects a consumption–investment policy to maximize his expected total discounted utility of consumption. The market coefficients and the investor's utility of consumption are dependent on the regime of the financial market, which is modeled by an observable finite-state continuous-time Markov chain. We obtain explicit optimal consumption and investment policies for specific HARA utility functions. We show that the optimal policy depends on the regime. We also make an economic analysis of the solutions, and show that for every investor the optimal proportion to allocate in the risky asset is greater in a "bull market" than in a "bear market." This behavior is not affected by the investor's risk preferences. On the other hand, the optimal consumption to wealth ratio depends not only on the regime, but also on the investor's risk tolerance: high risk-averse investors will consume relatively more in a "bull market" than in a "bear market," and the opposite is true for low risk-averse investors.     

汇率制度与人民币汇率制度改革

汇率制度可分为完全固定汇率、浮动汇率和中间汇率制度。目前我国名义上实行的是以市场供求为基础的、单一的、有管理的浮动汇率制度,这种汇率制度实际上是钉住美元的。虽然这种汇率制度是适合我国实际情况的汇率安排,但是它具有明显的缺点,目前需要在汇率形成机制等方面进行一定的改革,完善真正意义上的管理浮动汇率制度。