Consumer Debt and the Measurement of Poverty and Inequality in the US∗

This paper argues that interest on consumer debt must be taken into account when measuring poverty and inequality. These interest payments cannot be used to support household living standards. This makes middle- and low-income households worse off. Recent increases in consumer debt means that this deterioration in living standards is not captured by conventional government statistics. Using the Survey of Consumer Finances, we make estimates of poverty and inequality that take into account rising interest payments on consumer debt and discuss some of the implications of these estimates.     

西部地区制造业与东南亚国家承接国际产业转移优势比较研究--以重庆、陕西为例

随着经济快速增长和需求不断扩大，中国西部地区和东南亚国家已成为新一轮国际产业转移的主要目的地，两者在承接国际产业转移方面有很大竞争性。文章以西部的重庆、陕西为研究对象，利用FDI投向偏离度指数对FDI流入的行业变化趋势进行了分析，然后再利用相对产业梯度系数将西部省市与东盟三国直接进行工业细分行业的相对优势对比，得出资源依赖型行业和技术与资本密集型行业是西部地区具有相对优势的行业，也是未来西部吸引FDI引力较大的重点行业。     

EXPLAINING THE UTILIZATION OF RELATIVE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: A MULTI-THEORETICAL STUDY USING DATA FROM SWEDEN

One of the more lasting imprints that New Public Management (NPM) has made in the public sector is an increase in the popularity of performance measurement. In Sweden, performance measurement has gained popularity in the public sector, not least at the local government level with the use of relative performance evaluation (RPE). Because utilization of RPE is a decentralized and optional mode of governance, a somewhat heterogeneous practice has evolved. The aim of this paper is to examine the causes of this differentiated practice. We jointly examine economic, political and institutional/cultural explanations in order to account for the utilization of RPE. The empirical material consists of archival data and a questionnaire sent to all Swedish municipalities in late 2005. We show that RPE adoption and use partly has different antecedents and that the institutional/cultural perspective appears to have greater explanatory power than economic and political, not least as a consequence of the potential to explain decoupling and the importance of change facilitating capabilities. The investigation contributes specifically to the literature on the utilization of RPE in local governments and more generally to the literature on why and to what extent management accounting practices are utilized.     

美国的内城贫困问题

在简要介绍美国"内城"的概念以及相关背景的基础上,对美国内城的人口经济社会特征进行分析,运用相关的分析视角和理论假设,就美国内城贫困引发的公共服务问题展开讨论,最后从内城贫困的肌理、歧视性政策、社会保障政策、社区建设、公共政策、社会公正等方面进行了思考.     

制动器机电混合惯量的数学模型

通过机械惯量模拟与电惯量模拟的优缺点比较阐述了机电混合惯量模拟的优越性。根据依赖于可观测量的电流计算方法,提出了带有反馈信息的动态驱动补偿模型,并对该模型进行了离散和连续的能量误差分析来衡量模拟的可信度,同时还提供了拟合精度的评价方法。本建立的是一个从观测、电惯量的动态补偿直到模拟效果的相对能量误差分析的全面系统模型,对实践有积极的指导作用。     

THE OPTIMAL MINIMUM WAGE FOR POVERTY MINIMIZATION

This paper characterizes the poverty minimizing minimum wage, and shows how it varies as productivity, inequality and market competitiveness change. We show that the optimal minimum wage is equal to the competitive wage only in special cases. In general, the former is higher than the latter. Thus, poverty minimization does not coincide with employment maximization. We also show that the optimal minimum wage always rises with productivity and, under certain conditions, falls with competitiveness and inequality. Furthermore, the higher the competitiveness and inequality, the more the optimal wage rises with productivity.     

甘肃贫困地区新农村建设的制约因素分析

甘肃贫困地区生态环境脆弱，正农业基础薄弱，人均收入水平低，地方财力不足，“三农”问题解决面临的制约因素较多。只有找准问题的关键，因地制宜，才能做好甘肃贫困地区的新农村建设工作。