“三链对接,双元协同,多方共享”的产教融合育人平台的搭建与实践

针对目前职业教育产教融合综合指数不高、学生硬核实力与实际岗位脱节、教师四大职能与行业企业实践脱节以及育人目标与产业需求存在“隐形壁垒”等问题,对接产业链、人才链和创新链,校企双方从专业组建、基地建设、课程开发、技术创新、团队打造、人才培养等方面协同共建,构建了多方共享的产教融合育人平台,打造产教融合型的命运共同体。     

企业税负粘性研究:基于税务机关税收稽查的视角

以中国A股上市公司2008~2017年的数据为样本进行研究,发现我国上市公司存在明显的税负粘性现象,即营业收入减少时企业税负的减少量小于营业收入等额增加时企业税负的增加量。进一步研究发现,上述企业税负粘性受到税务机关税收稽查的影响,国税税收稽查收入比率显著影响企业税负粘性,地税税收稽查收入比率对企业税负粘性的影响不显著。最后,我们还发现企业税负粘性程度在不同产权性质的企业中存在显著不同,同时,国税税收稽查收入比率对产权性质不同的企业产生的影响也存在差异,国税税收稽查收入比率对国有企业税负粘性的影响在不显著,在非国有企业中则是显著的。     

产业链的合作机制选择与低碳产品定价及碳减排策略

生产链上下游企业选择合适的合作机制对低碳产品定价及碳减排有重要影响。通过构建博弈模型分析三种不同合作机制下的低碳产品定价及碳减排问题:第一种合作机制即制造商与零售商进行合作,当两条生产链都选择这种合作机制时,能带来较高的碳减排率和较低的零售价格,这对制造商、零售商、消费者和环境都是有利的。第二种合作机制即两条生产链的制造商之间、零售商之间分别合作,这会带来较低的碳减排率和较高的零售价格,对两个制造商有利,而对零售商和消费者不利。分析前两种合作机制的利与弊提出第三种合作机制,即零售商和制造商共享利润下的有利于碳减排的策略。最后,结合案例讨论和数值分析的研究结果表明:当制造商和零售商收入共享比在一定范围内时,第三种合作机制可以给制造商和零售商带来更高的利润。由此为企业选择最佳的合作机制及合理的碳减排策略提供了理论指导。     

Mixed logit analysis of trade-off effects between international airline fares and fences: a revenue management perspective

As transportation is essential for tourism development, effectively utilizing its perishable resources has become an important issue. This study aims to analyse the relationship between airline fares and using conditions from the perspective of millennial tourists and taking the Taipei–Tokyo market as an example. The study attempts to show a revenue management practice in the manipulation of homogeneous seat service and give millennial tourists a better understanding of their preferences for ticket choices. We categorize availability of flight, advance booking, ticket validity, and changing conditions as main attributes and develop a stated-preference questionnaire with multiple hypothetical scenarios for respondents to select in the experiment. We effectively collect 390 valid samples for a mixed logit analysis and the results show that all applied attributes are statistically significant. Ticket validity is revealed to be the most important fence with the largest willingness-to-pay value and followed by availability of flight, advanced booking, and changing conditions.     

Sharing versus collaborative economy: how to align ICT developments and the SDGs in tourism?

Great hopes have been placed in the sharing economy to provide a new business model based on peer-to-peer (P2P) exchanges of underutilized assets. As a model, the sharing economy has been expected to make significant contributions to sustainability, providing new opportunities for entrepreneurship, more sustainable use of resources, and consumer co-operation in tight economic networks. However, in recent years, digital platforms have turned into the most important actors in the global sharing economy, turning global corporations, such as AirBnB, Booking, or TripAdvisor into intermediaries controlling and profiting from most transactions. Focused on accommodation, this paper conceptualizes the sharing economy in comparison to the wider collaborative economy, and discusses its social, economic, environmental, and political impacts in comparison to the sustainable development goals. It concludes that the sharing economy has great potential to make very significant contributions to sustainability, though the model is increasingly being replaced by the collaborative economy, which performs as an extension and acceleration of neoliberal economic practices.     

Attitudes,norms and difficulties underlying road sharing intentions as drivers and cyclists: Evidence from the Czech Republic

Cycling-inclusive urban planning is attracting attention worldwide because of the environmental, health, economic, and transport benefits inherent to cycling from the individual and the societal perspectives. The Czech Republic is one of the emerging cycling countries that are trying to promote and support cycling, but cycling mode shares are low because of the poor quality of the scarce infrastructure and the psychological barrier of the perceived lack of safety when cycling in mixed traffic. This study takes a multimodal approach based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and focuses on the factors underlying the willingness to share the road from the perspective of cyclists and drivers: positive attitudes toward cycling, positive attitudes toward cyclists’ behavior, social norms toward cycling and anxiety to share the road. A web-based questionnaire was tailor-designed and administered in the Czech Republic via social networks, web forums, and the Civinet network, and a hybrid bivariate-ordered model tested the behavioral framework. Results show that the willingness to share the road as a cyclist or as a driver relates positively to positive attitudes towards cycling and cyclists’ behavior, and negatively to the anxiety of sharing the road. Moreover, mediator effects are observed and a clear relation emerges between the experience on the road as both a cyclist and a driver on the willingness to share the road as a cyclist. Lastly, results show that the factors underlying road sharing intentions are related significantly to gender, travel habits, and perceived personal and infrastructure-related barriers to cycling.     

保险本质的产权经济学分析——兼与冯冠胜教授商榷

保险交易是一种等价、公平的交易.保险风险出险概率低、相关性低的特征决定了被保险人获赔的低概率性和"取丰"与"补歉"的不对等性.保险费经济收益权不确定但均衡,心理收益权则既确定又均衡.保险基金运用的实质是实现其应有的时间价值,保障型保险的基金收益是纯保险费的有机组成部分,被保险人无权分享.在产权经济学的视域里,保险本质是保险费确定性产权与保险金不确定性产权的交换.即确定性财产权与或有性获赔权的交换,确定性的小支出与不确定性的大损失的交换.     

我国高等教育成本分担问题及政策建议

通过高等教育成本分担机制的发展历程和分担的概念、主体与形式的分析,提出对高等教育未来发展的政策建议,即高等教育发展方向;高等教育发展的学费制定原则;对学生的资助及资助形式;独立学院的发展原则。     

公共治理中的资源整合与共享问题--基于困局经济学的视角分析

资源的整合与共享是公共治理活动中形成有效集体行动的重点和难题。为了克服“公地悲剧”,人们界定了各种各样的产权。然而这些碎片化产权却导致了资源使用不足的“反公地悲剧”。“反公地悲剧”给公共治理资源整合与共享带来了挑战。这既需要从宏观上通过多种途径提高公共组织的整合能力,还需要对此做出具体的策略安排。     

中国智库的经费运营模式研究——以中国高端智库为例

资金独立是智库保持竞争力、独立性和影响力的先决条件,但目前对中国智库的经费研究和深入调研仍然较少。国际知名智库的经费来源往往较为多元化,且大部分智库资金都投入到了项目研究中。对中国国家高端智库的经费数据进行分析后发现,目前中国智库普遍存在资金运营情况高度不透明、统计口径与指标衡量混乱、缺乏单独的资金运营情况说明、高度依赖国家财政拨款、经费支出分类较为粗略、行政管理支出过高、部分智库经费结余过甚等现象。本研究认为,中国特色新型智库在借鉴国际经验的同时,更应扎根于中国的政治生态文化,从经费机制上更好地保持智库的独立性,加强内部控制与外部监管。