What aspects of demographic,personality, attitudes and perceptions of law enforcement influence self-reported likelihood of drink driving?

The aim of the current study was to examine the associations between a number of individual factors (demographic factors (age and gender), personality factors, risk-taking propensity, attitudes toward drink driving, and perceived legitimacy of drink driving enforcement) and how they influence the self-reported likelihood of drink driving. The second aim of this study was to examine the potential of attitudes mediating the relationship between risk-taking and self-reported likelihood of drink driving. In total, 293 Queensland drivers volunteered to participate in an online survey that assessed their self-reported likelihood to drink drive in the next month, demographics, traffic-related demographics, personality factors, risk-taking propensity, attitudes toward drink driving and perceived legitimacy of drink driving enforcement. An ordered logistic regression analysis was utilised to evaluate the first aim of the study; at the first step the demographic variables were entered; at step two the personality and risk-taking were entered; at the third step, the attitudes and perceptions of legitimacy variables were entered. Being a younger driver and having a high risk-taking propensity were related to self-reported likelihood of drink driving. However, when the attitudes variable was entered, these individual factors were no longer significant; with attitudes being the most important predictor of self-reported drink driving likelihood. A significant mediation model was found with the second aim of the study, such that attitudes mediated the relationship between risk-taking and self-reported likelihood of drink driving. Considerable effort and resources are utilised by traffic authorities to reducing drink driving on the Australian road network. Notwithstanding these efforts, some participants still had some positive attitudes toward drink driving and reported that they were likely to drink drive in the future. These findings suggest that more work is needed to address attitudes regarding the dangerousness of drink driving.     

履行社会责任对商业银行风险承担的影响

商业银行在践行可持续发展理念和履行社会责任方面走在各行各业的前列.对中国 35 家商业银行 2010-2022 年相关数据进行实证研究发现,履行社会责任对商业银行风险承担水平具有抑制作用,银行业竞争对履行社会责任与银行风险承担之间的关系具有正向调节效应,绿色信贷对履行社会责任与银行风险承担之间的关系具有负向调节效应.异质性分析表明,与股份制银行相比,履行社会责任对银行风险承担的抑制效果对国有银行和城农商行而言并不明显.最后,根据研究结论提出商业银行风险防范的对策建议.     

Defining the Entrepreneurial Capital Construct

The purpose of this paper is to show preliminary results from an international research project on intellectual capital and value creation led by Lappeenranta University of Technology （Finland）. In the case of this paper, results from Italy will be reported and specifically. The Italian analysis focuses on the entrepreneurial capital （EC） and it analyses how large Italian companies develop and enhance this intangible element. The main research question is： What is the current level of EC in Italian organizations and how does it affect value creation.＇？ To this end, the research addressed the different definitions of EC that literature offers. As a secondary step, this paper analysed the variables suggested by previous literature and proposed an original definition for the research project. The definition is that EC is a stock of competences and the personnels＇ attributes related to proactive, risky, and aggressive decision-making and behaviour. This research provides researchers and managers with unique insights into the evolutionary nature of the relationships between distinct 1C variables and draws a picture on the state of art of corporate EC in the selected sample. This research highlights and improves companies＇ abilities to manage their EC. Furthermore, this research will set the agenda for improving the EC practices of Italian companies and will allow future comparison with firms from other countries that are participating in the same project identifying different pathways to success.     

欢美金融危机生成机理研究：基于文献综述的解释

银行体系创造并持有过多风险产品是本次金融危机产生的重要根源,而长期宽松的货币政策、资产证券化和欧美的银行治理模式是导致银行该行为的重要动力原因。本文试图通过回顾这三个方面相应的最新文献,并重点强调它们对银行行为的影响渠道和机制,希望能够加强对金融危机产生原因的理解。     

Backpacking Your Way into Crisis

SUMMARY

Risk and tourism have become more closely interlinked in recent years. Recognising the complexity of tourist behaviour, research by Cohen (1972) classified tourists according to the degree of novelty or familiarity sought. Whilst the subject of extensive debate, many questions remain including to what extent perceived risk can be used as an indicator of tourist roles. Focusing upon the growing youth tourism market, backpackers in particular, travel patterns and attitudes towards risk were questioned and possible responses to a crisis differentiated through an exploratory qualitative study. The findings challenge both the resilience of the market alongside Cohen's (1972) typology suggesting backpackers exhibit different roles (drifter and explorer) dependent upon the risk in question. Given the exploratory nature of the work, the paper concludes calling for further targeted research.     

Feasibility of routine collection of injured worker occupational information in hospital emergency departments

The aim of this study was to examine injury events and risk-factors among Swedish adult eventing athletes. A cross-sectional study design with retrospective recording of 1-year sports-specific exposure and injury data was used. The invited study population consisted of all members of the Swedish Equestrian Federation with eventing as their primary discipline (n = 513). The participation rate was 70.0%. The total 1-year injury prevalence was 26.6%; the specific 1-year prevalence of traumatic injury was 19.3% and of overuse injury 10.9%. The incidence of traumatic injury events was 0.54 injury events/1000 eventing hours (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.35–0.73 injury events/1000 eventing hours) for novices and 0.35 injury events/1000 eventing hours for qualified riders (95% CI, 0.21–0.49 injury events/1000 eventing hours). A total of 27.9% of the traumatic injury events led to severe injuries (causing more than 3 weeks absence from riding). Attitude to risk-taking was the only factor predicting an athlete becoming injured (p = 0.023), and qualification level was the only risk factor for additional injuries among injured riders (p = 0.003). Our results suggest that injury prevention programs in eventing should also give attention to overuse injuries and that care should be taken when eventing athletes are licensed into higher qualification groups.     

国际风险冲击、税收政策工具与企业风险承担

国际风险冲击对我国企业风险承担的影响效应被显著低估。为此,选取2000—2020年国际风险数据、政府税收数据与上市企业微观数据,利用MCS小样本偏差修正的SVAR模型和CMPR门槛效应模型,实证研究国际风险、税收政策工具与企业风险承担的非线性关系。研究表明：国际风险冲击平均可以解释我国企业风险承担波动的33%;国际风险的负向门槛效应长期存在,只要风险累积不超过最低门槛值,就不会对税收政策工具与企业风险承担产生显著冲击;在持续性的国际风险冲击下,税收政策工具的有效性下降,有效税率与税收补偿机制对企业风险承担的助推作用减弱,甚至产生反向推动。     

绿色信贷是否会影响商业银行风险承担?——基于社会责任与绿色声誉渠道

选取2007—2021年中国30家商业银行年度数据就绿色信贷对银行风险承担的影响及其作用机制进行实证分析。研究发现：绿色信贷对银行风险承担具有抑制作用。相对于国有银行,绿色信贷对非国有银行风险承担的抑制力度更大。绿色信贷主要通过提高银行社会责任履行度及绿色声誉渠道来抑制银行风险承担,“绿色信贷—社会责任/绿色声誉—银行风险承担”的传导渠道均有效。货币政策对绿色信贷与银行风险承担关系具有正向调节作用,宽松货币政策会加剧绿色信贷对银行风险承担的抑制作用。银行业竞争对两者关系具有负向调节作用,银行业竞争加剧会减弱绿色信贷对银行风险承担的抑制作用。     

大股东股权质押、风险承担水平与债券违约风险

基于2015—2019年发生实质性债券违约的上市公司数据,运用二元Probit回归模型,从风险承担水平角度研究大股东股权质押对上市公司债券违约风险的影响。研究发现：大股东股权质押率与债券违约风险显著正相关,风险承担水平在股权质押与债券违约之间发挥了中介作用,高股权质押率的企业通过对其风险承担水平的影响,增加债券违约风险。进一步研究产权性质和信息质量差异对股权质押与债券违约关系的影响,结果显示,在不同产权性质、不同程度信息质量组别中,股权质押比例对债券违约的正向影响均存在差异,且该正向作用在非国有企业、低信息质量组中更为强烈。