略论行政奖励在环境管理领域的运用

行政奖励作为一种新型的环境管理手段,已经广泛地运用于环境管理领域,并在环境管理和环境保护方面取得良好的效果,但由于法律理论研究的滞后,法律规范的不健全,导致行政奖励实施处于一种无序状态,因此必须健全和完善行政奖励的有关制度,确保行政奖励在环境管理领域的正确实施。     

South Africa's economics of education: A stocktaking and an agenda for the way forward

This paper reviews some of the existing economics of education literature from the perspective of South Africa's education policymaking needs. It also puts forward a suggested research agenda for future work. The review is arranged according to five areas of research: rates of return, production functions, teacher incentives, benefit incidence analysis and cross-country comparisons. Production functions, especially if translated to cost-effectiveness models, can point to important policy solutions. Teacher incentives is a policy area that is in need of a better theoretical and empirical basis. Rates of return are difficult for policymakers to interpret, but suggest a need for a qualification below the Grade 12 level. While benefit incidence analysis can demonstrate large improvements in the equity of public financing, cross-country comparisons reveal that not only is the distribution of schooling outcomes particularly unequal, on average it is well below what the country's level of development would predict.     

Contracting Under Endogenous Risk

Agents make decisions by trading off cost, return and risk. The literature, however, does not consider the impact of risk on action choice. We show that this tradeoff has important implications for the firm. First, the firm may provide no insurance in the salary. Since the agents action choice will determine her risk, the salary cannot compensate her for it. Second, the firm may not be able to design an incentive scheme to implement particularly risky actions. Finally, the firm may not be able to design a scheme in which the agent splits her effort across multiple tasks. This is particularly problematic for tasks that are technological substitutes.     

FDI税收激励的两难选择

本文从博弈论视角分析实施税收激励政策吸引FDI的内在机理,并以亚洲其他国家的税收激励实践为鉴,探析当周边国家实行税收激励时,我国面临两难时的谨慎选择。     

企业在创业阶段的纳税筹划问题研究

在企业初创时期,进行针对全局的战略性的纳税筹划,是每个创业者在正式注册成为纳税主体之前必须考虑与分析的。可以从设立的产业方向和设立地点、组织形式、纳税人身份到创业筹资及创业投资几个方面入手,根据我国的税收优惠政策及企业的战略选择对税费的影响进行纳税筹划,以帮助企业实现税后利润最大化。     

税收分成、财政激励与市场整合——来自“增值税分成”改革的证据

财税政策是宏观经济运行的制度保障,对建设全国大市场、推进中国式现代化具有重要意义。利用价格法测算2009—2020年地级市层面的市场整合程度,并以2016年增值税分成改革为外生冲击构建强度双重差分模型检验财政激励对市场整合的影响。研究发现：税收分成比例提升产生的财政激励有利于市场整合,这种正向影响在市场化指数高、市场整合程度大以及规模较大的城市中更加显著;机制分析表明,税收分成比例的提升能够激励地方政府进行税收竞争与财政支出竞争,其中税收竞争对市场整合会产生负向影响,而财政支出竞争则会产生正向效应;进一步分析表明,税收分成比例提升有助于在全国统一大市场建设过程中实现共同富裕。当前应改革政绩考核体系,规范地方政府税收竞争行为;加快政府职能转变,建立法治政府与服务政府;完善税收分成制度,优化财政激励机制等。     

Corporate risk-taking,firm value and high levels of managerial earnings forecasts

We examine the impact of high levels of managerial earnings forecasts, an important form of voluntary disclosure, on corporate risk-taking and firm value. Theory and anecdotal evidence suggest that a policy of high disclosure may reduce managers' willingness to invest in higher-risk, higher-return projects. We first verify, as in prior research, that corporate risk-taking is associated with higher future firm value. We then document a negative relation between firms with high levels of forecasting and corporate risk-taking. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that high levels of managerial earnings forecasts reduce the positive association between corporate risk-taking and future firm value. Our results are robust to alternative measures of corporate risk-taking and future firm value, and alternative definitions of high levels of managerial earnings forecasts. Our results may be of importance to varying interests as they highlight the potential for high levels of earnings forecasts to inhibit corporate risk-taking and lower firm value.