Inflation Triggers in Transition Economies: Their Evolution and Specific Features

Analysis of thirty inflation episodes in sixteen European transition economies, using the probit panel model with fixed effects, uncovers inflation triggers that overlap with those obtained in either developing or developed countries or both. However, we found some transition-specific features. Thus, the relative contribution of the triggers evolves as transition progresses, such that the early dominance of the output gap, the fiscal deficit, and elections are subsequently subdued by a rise in food and oil prices, the exchange rate regime, and the current account deficit. The last two triggers could be linked to deep financial integration in Europe and the consequent large flow of capital toward European transition economies in the 2000s, a phenomenon not observed in any other part of the world. In addition, the exchange rate regime as an inflation starter in transitional Europe may be due to its convergence with developed Europe and the resulting real appreciation of currency.     

Wage and employment effects of a wage norm

Most transition countries used tax‐supported wage norms in the early 1990s, as a part of their market liberalization programmes. This article analyses how a firm‐level tax (or subsidy) on deviations from a pre‐set wage norm may promote employment by rotating the labour demand curve perceived by the workers’ union around the value of the norm. We derive the conditions under which it yields a positive employment effect. We test the effect of the norm on the wages on a sample of Polish firms in 1990 and 1991. The data support the role of the wage norm on the position of the perceived labour demand curve and the role of the tax rate on its slope.     

国有产权安排和国有经济规模内生性研究

运用马克思经济学关于生产力决定生产关系的基本理论和杨小凯发展的斯密-科斯框架的交易费用理论分析所有权安排的演进的内生性决定因素,得出其结论:一种所有权安排是技术变迁和制度变迁相互作用的结果。用内生交易费用和外生交易费用分别来刻画一个特定时点上制度条件和技术条件的现实状况,说明一个时期的内生交易费用和外生交易费用的分布可以决定这个时期的所有权安排。     

Are some Indian banks too large? An examination of size efficiency in Indian banking

In this paper we use data from the years 1997–2003 to evaluate the size efficiency, as distinct from scale efficiency, of Indian banks. Following Maindiratta [Maindiratta A (1990) J Econ 46:39–56] we consider a bank to be “too large” if breaking it up into a number of smaller units would result in a larger output bundle than what could be produced from the same input by a single bank. When this is the case, the bank is not size efficient. Our analysis shows that many of the banks are, indeed, too large in various years. We also find that often a bank is operating in the region of diminishing returns to scale but is not a candidate for break up.

依托《中小企业促进法》加快我国中小企业国际化经营

我国要积极实施"走出去"战略,必须充分重视中小企业的国际化经营。《中小企业促进法》的颁布实施为中小企业发展提供了法律依据。有关部门应当在相关法律框架内,采取有效措施推动中小企业国际化经营。     

Do Transition Economies and Developing Countries Have Similar Destinies?

This paper evaluates the potential of transition economies for achieving sustainable improvements in living standards vis-à-vis developing countries based on their productivity performance. The comparison is made using a bootstrapped Malmquist productivity index and its technological and efficiency change components. The results of estimation indicate that transition economies enjoy significantly higher increases in technical efficiency than developing countries with comparable rates of real GDP growth. Therefore, these results suggest that the former group of countries may have better growth prospects than the latter group, giving empirical support to Stern and Fries’ (Foreign Policy 111:164–165, 1998) optimism that transition economies are the “tiger” economies of tomorrow.

中国城市公园的标度律特征分析

科学研判城市公园面积与人口规模的关系,有利于 客观认识和指导城市的可持续发展。采用1996—2019年中 国291个地级及以上城市公园面积与人口规模数据,探究二者 之间的标度关系及其标度因子的时空演化规律,进而采用基于 标度律的公园规模修正模型度量各城市公园面积达到预期值的 程度,并对规模修正指标和人均公园面积进行比较分析,得到 如下结果。1)我国公园面积与人口规模整体呈亚线性规模缩 放关系,公园具有显著规模效应,符合城市标度律特征;时间 上呈现亚线性-超线性-亚线性的阶段性波动演变特征,空间 上分异明显：华南接近线性标度关系,华中、东北、华北、西 南呈典型亚线性关系,华东、西北呈亚线性,但标度因子偏离 度较大。2)大城市在人均公园面积排序中相对靠后,在考虑 规模效应后,排名普遍提高,说明规模修正指标能在消除人口 规模影响的基础上,有效衡量不同规模城市公园面积的水平。 标度律视角下的城市公园规模测度能够为城市人口管理和公园 面积发展的决策提供科学指导,为不同规模城市公园建设提供 可借鉴的比较标准,促进公园与人口的协调发展。     

基于指数评价法的县级城市主体功能区划分研究——以山西省河津市为例

主体功能区划是功能属性更为突出的综合性区域规划,用来规范空间开发秩序,形成合理的空间开发结构。运用指数评价法,选取可利用土地资源、可利用水资源等8个可度量指标,以及调控指标项战略选择,形成覆盖全县域国土空间综合评价的指数,同时对一些重要的参数进行测算,根据反馈结果对区划过程和方案进行优化,划分主体功能类型,提出区划方案。     

中国农村金融发展的困境、成因及其破解

长期以来我国农村金融市场的发展受到不同程度上的抑制,农村金融功能难以得到有效发挥,致使金融支农绩效水平低下,影响了新农村建设的加速进程。与已有较多文献不同的是,本文将分别从金融发展规模、结构和效率三个层面对改革开放以来我国农村金融发展困境进行统计描述,结果显示我国农村金融支持的规模、结构及效率与同期全国和城镇水平相比都较为滞后。同时,本文认为导致农村金融发展滞后成因主要有长期的“二元”经济结构、“一刀切”式的金融政策、农村金融机构不良贷款率偏高以及现有农村金融供给体系不断萎缩,最后在此基础之上寻求了四点破解途径,即逐步提高农村劳动生产率水平、实行有差别的金融政策、积极发展农业保险和不断提高自身经营绩效并加强金融监管。