International tourism model for developing economies

This article considers international tourism as an open system consisting of four essential components: demand, marketing, transportation, and accomodation. It examines each component and its relationship to the system. The proposed international tourism model facilitates detection of positive and negative determinants of the system so that a relevant marketing strategy can be developed. The major strategies include a mass-marketing approach for public through tourism intermediaries, and a focused strategy requiring careful analysis of the target market and its needs for unique services. More specifically, the article suggests extensive market analysis with geographic concentration on present and potential tourist generating countries. The model is intended as a comprehensive frame for policy makers and practitioners to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of international tourism.     

中间与两极汇率制度演变趋势分析——基于两种分类方法的统计分析

“中空论”是近年来比较流行的汇率制度选择理论之一,文章分别采用Bubula and (O)tker-Robe事实分类法和IMF官方事实分类法对147个样本国家1990-2001年和1999-2006年的汇率制度发展趋势进行统计分析,以期发现在现实中各国汇率制度选择是否存在“中空”的趋势.研究发现就147个国家的总体样本而言,中间汇率制度确有下降的趋势,但是相对比例仍然很高,“中空”的趋势并不明显,而不同类型的国家汇率制度演变趋势不同.     

Tensions between Value Capture and Value Slippage: The Case of Brand Communities

With the development of intangibles, the issue of value capture has become of paramount importance, especially for firms that have a community of users gathered around their brand. While the notion of utilizing communities may be appealing, transforming the relationship between firms and communities into profit for the firm is less obvious. The dual challenge for firms is capturing the value created by the brand community, while avoiding any kind of value slippage to another actor. From a re‐examination of five cases of value creation with brand communities in different industries, we delineate three assemblages of actors and episodes manifesting value slippage, and two manifesting value capture by virtue of the attitudes and behaviours of the firms that own the brands. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Impact of responsive and proactive market orientation on SME performance: The moderating role of economic crisis perception

This study examines the relationship between market orientation (MO) and the performance of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) within the context of economic crisis. It distinguishes between two levels of MO: responsive market orientation (RMO) and proactive market orientation (PMO). Data were collected on a sample of 300 SME. Findings indicate that SMEs, confronted with an economic downturn, use a MO approach that is both proactive and responsive, and reveal the moderator effect of the SME manager's perception of an economic crisis on PMO/RMO–performance. Research and practical implications are discussed. © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

When Power Hurts: Task‐dependent Resource Control Creates Temporary Discomfort that Motivates Helping Behaviour

This study investigated why workers in a position of power are motivated to help their dependent co‐workers. Previous research has assumed that powerful workers would experience increased behavioural approach and disinhibition, leading to selfishness and lower levels of help. However, this assumption fails to explain the helping behaviour often observed at work. In this study, 563 participants were placed in situations of power across three experiments, which measured helpfulness, discomfort, and behavioural approach and inhibition. The results suggest that power creates psychological discomfort, which mediates helping behaviour. Providing help reduced feelings of discomfort. This study helps reconcile previous mixed findings when applying power theories to work situations, and tested a new discomfort‐reduction explanation for helping behaviour. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Influence of Service Innovation Capability for Self‐Service Technology Investment

The purpose of this paper is to predict self‐service technology (SST) investment from the extents of service innovation capability (SIC) and electronic customer relationship management (e‐CRM) practices. This study proposes a theoretical framework that delineates the relationships among SIC, e‐CRM practices, and SST investment. The results indicate that SIC has positive impacts on e‐CRM practices, which in turn are positively related to SST investment. Moreover, e‐CRM practices have partial mediating effects on the relationships between SIC and SST investment as well as have partial moderating effects on the relationships between SIC and SST investment. © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Independent Directors,Business Risk,and the Informativeness of Accounting Earnings for Debt Contracting

Using a sample of new bank loans, we investigate the impact of business risk on the usefulness of operating income after controlling for the proportion of independent directors. Consistent with the literature, our initial analyses reveal that the presence of independent directors on a board reduces the interest rate directly and indirectly through an increase in the usefulness of operating income. However, we further provide evidence that the indirect benefit of a high proportion of independent directors is reduced when we account for the presence of business risk. This suggests that studies examining the usefulness of operating income should take into account the effect of business risk. © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Getting From ‘Me’ to ‘We’: Role Clarity,Team Process,and the Transition From Individual Knowledge to Shared Mental Models in Employee Dyads

Shared mental models are crucial for team functioning; however, little research to date has focussed on uncovering the predictors of shared mental models. The present study investigates the effect of role clarity on shared mental models by means of its indirect effects via team process. Two hundred and two undergraduate students participated in a dyadic firefighting simulation in which their role clarity, team process, and mental model similarity were measured. Analyses conducted at the dyadic level suggest that role clarity predicts mental model similarity via its effects on team process. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Relative Importance of Major Job Performance Dimensions in Determining Supervisors' Overall Job Performance Ratings

This study explores the factor structure of job performance and each performance dimension's relative importance in determining supervisors' overall job performance ratings. We found that the optimal factor structure of job performance includes five dimensions: task performance, organizational citizenship behaviour directed toward the organization and individuals (OCB‐O and OCB‐I, respectively), and counterproductive work behaviour directed toward the organization and individuals (CWB‐O and CWB‐I, respectively). The percent‐based relative weight (%RW) is the highest for task performance in determining job performance, followed by OCB and CWB. Interestingly, the %RW of non‐task performance dimensions directed toward the organization (OCB‐O and CWB‐O) is similar to the %RW of task performance but greater than the %RW of non‐task performance dimensions directed toward individuals (OCB‐I and CWB‐I). Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Twenty-five years (1992–2016) of the International Business Review: A bibliometric overview

The International Business Review (IBR) is a leading international academic journal in the field of International Business (IB). Such leadership is reflected in the large number of publications that grow year after year and particularly in the large number of citations received from other journals of high academic prestige. The aim of this study is to conduct a bibliometric overview of the leading trends regarding the journal’s publications and citations since its creation in 1992 until 2016. The work identifies the authors, universities, and countries that publish the most in IBR by mainly using the Scopus database though eventually complemented with Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection. It also analyzes the most cited papers and articles of the journal. Besides, the study graphically maps the bibliographic material by using the visualization of similarities (VOS) viewer software. In order to do so, the work uses co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, and co-occurrence of author keywords. The results show the prominent European profile of the journal where contributors from European universities and countries are the most productive ones in the journal. Particularly, British and Scandinavian universities obtain the most remarkable results. However, mostly scholars from North America, but also from Oceania and East Asia are increasingly and regularly publishing in the journal. In addition, IBR is very well connected to other leading journals in the field, such as the Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS) and the Journal of World Business (JWB), as well as with other top management journals, thus demonstrating its core position in IB research conducted worldwide.