Impact on Target Firm Risk-Return Characteristics of Domestic and Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions in Emerging Markets

Using a large sample of partial cross-border mergers and acquisitions from emerging countries, we show that these acquisitions significantly reduce the risk of the target firms and that the risk reduction is directly related to the changes in the international shareholder base and the strength of the investor right protection of the acquirer. We also find that these acquisitions are value creating because we see improvements in both the short-term and long-term risk-adjusted stock performance in target firms during the postacquisition period.     

Identifying the “financialization” of the nonfinancial corporation in the U.S. economy: A decomposition of firm-level balance sheets

This paper develops the concept of the “financialization” of the nonfinancial corporation (NFC) by laying out the key stylized facts describing NFC financial behavior between 1950 and 2014 via a detailed decomposition of firm-level balance sheets. In the existing literature, the concept of the “financialization of the nonfinancial corporation” remains ambiguous; as such, clarification of the trends that have occurred in NFC financial behavior is an important prerequisite for analyses of why NFC behavior has changed and with what consequences. By systematically delineating the evidence for the “financialization” of NFCs, this paper contributes to the literature by establishing precisely how NFC financial behavior has changed in the post-1980 U.S. economy. The growing “financialization” of nonfinancial corporations is summarized by an increased share of financial assets in NFC portfolios, increasing indebtedness and equity repurchases among large firms, and deleveraging among smaller firms. The paper concludes by introducing the behavioral insights gained by approaching these stylized facts from a conceptual standpoint emphasizing the interdependence of portfolio and financing decisions and, thus, the links between the changes in financial behavior across NFC balance sheets.     

信息、代理冲突与国有上市银行经理长期激励——基于银行经理企业家能力的分析

构建简单动态模型分析国有上市银行地区(部门)经理的长期激励机制设计问题.模型揭示了颇有意思的含义.企业家才能是银行长期发展的基本诱因.就绩效评估而言,EVA有利于经理做出即期最优投资决策,RAROC有利于银行长期发展.固定报酬合约将诱发地区经理的冒险行为,使贷款超过最优水平;随机支付合约或EVA状态依存支付合约将使总行实现最优贷款规模.EVA为零时,撤销机构、收回贷款权等,可减少当前风险,但使银行失去潜在投资机会.静态看,解雇经理未必获得预期效果;动态看,解雇威胁具有威慑作用,能迫使经理努力工作,增加股东价值.     

Shareholders' choice

We address the question of which production decisions are reached via shareholder voting, if the firm's shareholders disagree. The median-voter approach is applied. Three dichotomies are explored: the one-man-one-vote versus the one-share-one-vote rule, naive versus sophisticated investors, before- versus after-trade voting. Novel asymptotic results are obtained.     

人力资源新投资回报点——-无形资产的投资回报

目前人力资源方面一个新的投资回报点——无形资产的投资回报正逐渐被大家所认识。所谓的无形资产，它代表着一个公司的潜在的隐性价值，并能逐渐成为公司市场资本极为重要的一部分。本文主要从六个方面阐述了如何创建可持续性发展的无形资产，同时指出社会对无形资产的关注也给专业人士如何把人力资源工作和股东利益进行有效结合开辟了一条新的道路。     

Corporate social responsibility and firm financial risk reduction: On the moderating role of the legal environment

Approaching the institutional environment through its regulative component, we distinguish between shareholder‐oriented and stakeholder‐oriented countries. Identifying first this classification with the distinction between common law versus civil law countries and using a large sample of 5,716 firm‐year observations that represents 1,169 individual firms in 25 countries between 2001 and 2011, we show that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) significantly reduces firms’ idiosyncratic risk in civil law countries but not in common law countries. Using then a more direct classification based on shareholder and employee protection scores, our findings suggest that CSR negatively affects firms’ idiosyncratic and systematic risks only in less shareholder‐oriented and more stakeholder‐oriented countries, respectively. These findings are similar in the different components of CSR with two notable exceptions: a high score in corporate governance reduces firm risk only in common law countries, and community involvement increases idiosyncratic risk in more shareholder‐oriented and less stakeholder‐oriented countries, respectively. Taken together, our results strongly support the view that the relationship between CSR and financial risk is moderated by the institutional context of the firm.     

Are Entrenched Managers’ Accounting Choices More Predictive of Future Cash Flows?

We examine the role manager entrenchment has on firms’ financial reporting quality. More specifically, we test whether entrenched managers’ reported accruals deviate from industry norms and whether entrenched managers’ abnormal accruals are more (or less) predictive of future cash flows. Consistent with implications from prior research, we find that firms with entrenched managers generally report lower levels of abnormal accruals (in an absolute sense), but the abnormal accruals utilized by entrenched managers are more predictive of future cash flows. Contrary to a more traditional view of manager entrenchment, our evidence suggests that entrenched managers report higher quality abnormal accruals. While prior research provides evidence that manager entrenchment is associated with negative economic outcomes, we argue that attempts to limit entrenchment are unlikely to improve financial reporting quality and may actually lower quality. Future corporate governance research should consider not only the level but also the quality of the association between accounting choices and manager entrenchment.     

股权结构对合资企业绩效的影响研究——基于组织学习的视角

作为影响国际合资企业发展和运作的一个重要因素,股权结构与企业绩效的关系研究,是相关学术领域的一个重要议题。但不同学者的研究结论依然存在分歧,表明合资企业股权结构与其绩效之间的关系并不单纯。本研究从组织学习视角,运用吸收能力这一构念,对合资企业股权结构与绩效之间的复杂关系,以及内部作用机制进行探究,以期为这一重要研究议题,提供来自中国市场的证据。通过对95家中外合资企业的实证研究,我们发现,中外双方均衡持股的合资企业拥有最高的绩效,中方控股的次之,外方控股的最低。同时发现,合资企业的吸收能力在股权结构影响企业绩效的过程中起到完全中介的作用,较好地揭示了股权结构对合资企业绩效影响的作用机制。研究者建议,中国企业在参与国际合资时,对于股权控制问题应非常慎重,且不能轻易放弃控股权;在股权结构不变的条件下,则需要有意识地通过组织管理控制策略,提高企业的知识吸收能力,以获得更高的绩效。     

股东关联贷款对商业银行发展的影响研究

股东关联贷款对商业银行发展的影响与银行贷款危机密不可分。文中分析了股东关联贷款与银行贷款危机之间的关系，着重就股东关联贷款对商业银行影响进行研究，并提出了防范和降低商业银行股东关联贷款风险的政策建议。