Employee stock ownership and financial performance in European countries: The moderating effects of uncertainty avoidance and social trust

This study investigates how the effect of employee stock ownership on financial performance may hinge on the diverse cultural and societal contexts of European countries. Based on agency and national culture theories, we hypothesize that the positive relationship between employee stock ownership and return on assets (ROA) is stronger in those nations with lower uncertainty avoidance and higher social trust. Using a multisource, time‐lagged, large‐scale dataset of 1,741 firms from 21 countries in Europe, our multilevel, random coefficient modeling analysis found evidence for these hypotheses, suggesting that uncertainty avoidance and social trust serve as important contextual cues in predicting the linkage between employee stock ownership and financial performance. Our supplemental analysis with distinction between the managerial and nonmanagerial employee stock ownership further indicates managerial employee stock ownership has a direct positive effect on ROA. Although nonmanagerial employee stock ownership had a nonsignificant association with ROA, the relationship was positive and significant when uncertainty avoidance was low and social trust was high. This research contributes to the existing literature by illuminating some of the contextual influences altering the effectiveness of employee stock ownership. Our findings also offer practical suggestions for effectively using employee stock ownership.     

The effect of cash holdings on firm performance in large Italian companies

This paper examines the relationship between cash holdings and performance in Italy over 36 years. Specifically, in light of the presence of conflicting evidence concerning the worth of cash stock, which could lead to a positive effect rather than a negative one, the role of moderating factors that can shape the magnitude of this relationship is investigated. The results show that the value of cash holdings is affected by firm‐specific characteristics, as well as factors related to the institutional context. Although other studies have analyzed moderators one at a time, this is the first work to consider how they jointly work. When the moderators are considered together, some of them become no longer statistically significant while others become even more economically and statistically relevant.     

浅析上市公司管理层股权激励类型及其对企业绩效的影响

管理层股权激励已经在各国的管理实践中得到广泛的运用,企业委托人为了解决与代理人之间的矛盾,对管理层采取了这种长期激励的方式。同时,管理层股权激励的效用可以用企业绩效来测度,因此,管理层股权激励应与企业绩效挂钩。本文分析了上市公司中的股权激励类型及优缺点,并对各种股权激励模式对企业绩效所产生的影响进行了研究。     

流动性过剩与股票价格重估

在固定汇率与资本管制框架下,剩余储蓄的持续增加必然导致流动性过剩,对股票市场而言,只有当实体经济持续的剩余储蓄增加引起流动性过剩时,才会推动股票市场估值中枢的剧烈抬升.对近期经济指标的分析表明,股票市场重估将会持续下去,而货币政策紧缩引起的投资下降会进一步扩大剩余储蓄,加快重估的进程.     

资产减值、非经常性损益与盈余管理研究——以＊ST大地（002200）为例

采用案例研究法,以绿大地的存货减值准备计提为出发点,试图找出绿大地利用资产减值准备进行盈余管理的证据,进而挖掘出其盈余管理的手段与动机。研究结果表明：绿大地通过资产减值准备＂经常性损益＂项目与＂非经常性损益＂之间＂分类转移＂的方式实施盈余管理,主要动机在于为第二年扭亏为盈做准备,避免被ST,以满足资本市场的监管要求。     

我国货币政策对股市的影响:基于牛熊市的计量研究

本文利用计量经济分析方法,运用EVIEWS软件,研究了货币政策对股市的具体影响。得出的主要结论是：熊市时,货币政策对股市的影响微乎其微;牛市时,货币政策的影响较为明显。     

基于快递运输的手机零件供应链改进研究

一些手机零件企业没有设置产品安全库存。他们完全按照客户订单从供应商处采购产品,并使用快递运输。然而供应链中的各种不确定因素造成了频繁的交货延误。作者对这种供应链进行了简单介绍,分析了其中存在的问题,建立了包含安全库存成本和快递运输成本的供应链成本模型．并且以手机扬声器为例计算了安全库存,为企业对快递公司的评价和安全库存的设置提供了参考工具。     

Agency problems in tracking stock and minority carve-out decisions: Explaining the discrepancy in short- and long-term performances

Several studies have evaluated short- and long-term performances of parent firms who resort to restructuring via tracking stock or minority carve-out. Results show that short-term positive performance of restructuring parents turns negative in the long haul. Although researchers have attempted to resolve this inconsistency, a satisfactory explanation is yet to emerge. In this paper, we offer the self-serving behavior of restructuring parents’ managers as a potential explanation for the observed discrepancy in the short- and long-term performances. We argue that managers of parent firms create new units to receive additional compensation packages. We present evidence that the long-term negative performance can be attributed, at least partially, to self-awarded raise. Since managers of tracking stock parents enjoy a greater degree of managerial discretion and controls, we hypothesize that they would pay themselves a bigger compensation package than their carve-out counterparts and their long-term performance would be inferior to that of the latter group. Our results largely support these hypotheses.

R&D competition, absorptive capacity, and market shares

This paper deals with an oligopolistic industry where firms are engaged in cost-reducting R&D activity to maximize their market shares. The existence and uniqueness of a feedback-Nash-optimal R&D strategy for each firm are discussed. Our simulations highlight that variations in spillovers hardly influence the firms' R&D investment, if their absorptive capacities to exploit extramural knowledge depend on their R&D efforts. Moreover, extramural knowledge cannot completely replace in-house R&D. However, a high level of public R&D favors the firm with the most restrictive R&D expenditure constraint and/or with the lowest initial R&D stock, provided it invests in R&D.     

我国股票市场走势对GDP影响的实证研究——基于传导机制的研究视角

从理论上讲,股票市场走势通过传导机制对GDP产生影响,从而产生联动效应。现实中,我国股票市场自上世纪90年代成立以来,其对GDP产生的影响与理论描述却并不吻合。本文基于传导机制的研究视角,采用实证研究方法就我国股票市场走势对GDP(1992～2007年)的影响进行分析,从一个全新的研究视角揭示两者产生异动的原因。