Interpretive structural modeling of quality factors in both medical and hospitality services in the medical tourism industry

This study aims to theoretically integrate quality factors of both medical and hospitality services in medical tourism. Medical tourism comprises both medicine and tourism. Although the core product in medical tourism is medical treatment, attractive hospitality and travel options are also essential. Despite the dual nature of medical tourism, the two aspects of this concept have not been integrated in a unique framework. This study attempts to fill this gap using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). According to ISM, although factors of medical services and hospitality services are independent from each other, these factors have vital impacts on perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty.     

Psychological factors affecting memorable tourism experiences

This study tries to explore psychological components of memorable tourist experience (MTE) that are most likely to recall tourists’ memories. Urban residents from three representative cities in China were selected as research samples, and totally 301 usable questionnaires were used for data analysis. The results showed that the recollection of MTE was positively affected by novelty, involvement and social interaction. It was also suggested that hedonism and novelty had positive effects on the vividness of MTEs significantly. Additionally, in the context of Chinese culture, two new psychological factors, social interaction and perceived serendipity, resulted in different effects on the MTE.     

奥贝胆酸有关物质的分析及合成

为了控制奥贝胆酸药品的质量,从奥贝胆酸原料药中分离并鉴定了3种有关物质:3α-羟基-6-乙基-7-酮-5β-胆烷-24-酸(A),3α,7α-二羟基-6-亚乙基-5β-胆烷-24-酸(B)和3α(3α,7α-二羟基-6α-乙基-5β-胆烷-24-酰基氧基)-7α-羟基-6α-乙基-5β-胆烷-24-酸(C)。分析了这些物质产生的原因并进行了设计合成,其结构经过核磁共振氢谱得以确认。研究表明,3个有关物质与奥贝胆酸粗品中的主要有关物质的相对保留时间完全一致,合成的有关物质与分离得到的有关物质的核磁共振氢谱图相符合,可以判定奥贝胆酸产品中的主要有关物质就是合成得到的有关物质A、有关物质B、有关物质C。解决了有关物质研究所需对照品的问题,提高了原料药的质量,为奥贝胆酸的质量研究和有关物质的控制提供了一定的帮助。     

The influence of attitudes towards healthy eating on food consumption when travelling

This study explores tourists' attitude towards healthy eating and its influence on their travel eating behaviour. Based on focus group interviews and literature review, two instruments were developed to measure healthy eating attitude and travel eating behaviour. Factor analysis results revealed two healthy eating attitude factors (‘food content and nutrients’ and ‘balanced diet and eating habit’), and five travel eating behaviour factors (‘novelty’, ‘risk avoidance’, ‘health steadfastness’, ‘familiarity’, and ‘food supplement and medicine’). The relationships among the factors were examined using structural equation modelling. The findings revealed that respondents who had a stronger attitude towards ‘balanced diet and eating habit’ tended to be more motivated by the ‘novelty’ factor; whereas ‘risk avoidance’, ‘health steadfastness’ and ‘familiarity’ were found to be associated with a stronger attitude towards ‘food content and nutrient’. The findings suggest that the healthy eating attitude construct is multidimensional and healthy eating conscious tourists should not be treated as a homogeneous group.     

Empowerment and resident support for tourism in rural Central and Eastern Europe (CEE): the case of Pomerania,Poland

Despite empowerment being a crucial component of sustainable tourism, few scholars have quantitatively operationalized empowerment and looked at how it applies to rural societies within the post-communist European Union (EU) member states. Knowing the high priority of sustainable rural development goals within the EU, empowering residents within these post-communist societies has become a pertinent issue especially where those societies appear more reluctant to engaging in democratic ways of decision-making. In response to this gap, this study tests the cross-cultural validity of the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale, and then evaluates how empowerment predicts residents’ support for tourism within the municipality of Choczewo, Pomerania, Poland. Using a theoretical perspective that blends Social Exchange Theory with Weber's Theory of Formal and Substantive Rationality, these non-economic empowerment dimensions are coupled with a measure of resident perceptions of economically benefiting from tourism to see if rural residents in Choczewo, Poland, are more swayed by the economic or non-economic benefits of tourism. Results show that residents within this Central and Eastern Europe setting are more influenced by the pride and self-esteem boost associated with psychological empowerment and the perceptions of increased community cohesion (i.e. social empowerment) than the economic promises of tourism.     

基于解释结构模型的茶叶品牌发展策略——以陕西汉中茶产业为例

以解释结构模型为工具,结合具体案例,总结了影响茶叶品牌发展的因素,如企业经营模式、市场信息、企业广告促销、政府的宣传引导、目标市场和市场定位、旅游资源开发、茶叶品质、地区性标准、茶叶物流体系、农业种植规范性、茶叶加工技术、良种推广等。分析了其相互影响关系,建立茶叶品牌发展的解释结构模型。并以此为基础,探索了改变茶叶企业的经营模式、健全现代物流体系、建立有效的市场信息平台和信息系统、建立地区性标准、建设政府平台等茶叶品牌发展的策略性问题。     

PI背景下的TDI结构方程模型

态度理论为地区形象(PI)和旅游目的地形象(TDI)的联合研究提供了一个平台。本文构建了一个理论上的地区形象背景下的旅游目的地形象结构方程模型。模型是一个具有因果关系的结构方程模型,包括8个潜变量和28个观测变量。以徐州为例,在运用SPSS15.0软件对数据进行信度检验的基础上,利用LISREL8.70软件对模型进行了验证性因子分析和路径分析。研究发现:(1)结构模型中各潜变量之间的路径与假定基本符合,模型的整体拟合性能良好;(2)旅游资源认知和旅游服务认知会对旅游意愿产生作用,这符合我们的传统理念;(3)地区特征和居民素质对旅游服务感知、目的地评价和旅游意愿三者均有效应,而地区竞争力和居民竞争力仅对旅游服务感知产生影响。     

解说:一种重要的遗产保护策略

遗产保护是一项复杂而系统的工程,不同历史时期面临的主要任务不同。20世纪90年代以来,中国旅游业的高速发展引发了众多问题,如何降低和消除旅游业对遗产资源的负面影响成为当今遗产保护的一项重要工作。解说,作为一种重要的遗产保护策略,有着非常重要的作用。解说能够通过影响游客的知识重组和行为意图,帮助达到旅游可持续发展和遗产资源有效保护的双赢目标。     

我国宏观经济研究的最新进展

2008年是我国改革开放30周年,同时,国际上发生了自二十世纪二、三十年代"大萧条"以来最严重的金融危机.我国经济学界结合国际国内的新情况和新问题,对宏观经济问题进行了深入的理论和实证研究,取得了丰硕的研究成果,尤其是对宏观经济中储蓄投资失衡、价格波动和通货膨胀、经济增长的机制与约束条件、经济周期和经济波动、金融危机冲击下的宏观经济态势、财政分权与财政政策的有效性、货币政策效果和货币政策的选择等问题的研究上提出了许多创新观点.     

单位盗窃的司法困惑与应然认定

关于单位盗窃,目前存在刑事惩罚不力、罪刑不均,司法解释越权且界定不明的问题;对于单位盗窃应当以自然人盗窃论处,追究直接负责的主管人员和直接责任人员的刑事责任;在立法和司法解释中应当统一单位犯罪和自然人犯罪的构成标准;设立单位盗窃罪应当慎行。