浅析地税系统存在的理论依据

地税部门是国家对国民经济进行宏观调控的重要经济杠杆的实体机构。地税部门工作成绩的好坏,不仅会影响国家财政收入的正常实现和国家宏观经济调控的结果,还会影响到正常的市场竞争秩序。本文从两个方面浅析了地税系统存在的理论依据,使税收工作在党和国家大局中发挥应有的作用。     

基于学生“内需”的《思想道德修养与法律基础》课的教学反思

本文主要基于学生“内需”的角度,探究《思想道德修养与法律基础》课程的教学现状,多途径了解学生“内需”,创新《思想道德修养与法律基础》课程的教学内容和教学方法,以期收到更好的教学效果.     

树立科技矿政理念改革矿政管理制度——以资源储量消耗计征矿产资源税费

科技矿政理念的基本含义就是努力提高矿政管理的科技含量,遵循地质矿产规律,依靠科技进步显著提升我国矿产资源保护与利用水平.推动科技矿政管理进程,首先要从资源储量管理方面夯实基础,建立健全资源储量实物账户与价值账户.进而改革矿产资源权益分配方式,以资源储量消耗计征矿产资源税费.相应改革矿业权评估制度.     

完善农产品增值税制度的构想

我国现行对“对农业生产者销售自产的农产品免税”的政策初衷是为了照顾农民的利益,但政策的实际效果很不理想,导致了一系列问题。文章从理论和现实分析指出,解决问题的思路就是对农产品生产环节恢复征收规范的增值税,并提出符合我国目前国情对农业生产者恢复征收增值税制度的初步构想。     

Exploring the knowledge spillovers of a technology in an entrepreneurial ecosystem—The case of artificial intelligence in Sydney

New knowledge presents opportunities for commercial value and can hence be a critical asset for entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs). In particular, general purpose technologies are major drivers of entrepreneurship. Thus, a nuanced understanding on technological knowledge and its spillovers among actors within an EE is warranted. Using knowledge‐spillover‐based strategic entrepreneurship theory, we propose to observe knowledge spillovers through the assessment of the knowledge bases of a technology in an EE. To do so, this article proposes to use three key sources of knowledge: publications reflecting the emerging knowledge base, patents representing the realized knowledge base, and startups showing the experimental knowledge base. This article uses secondary data sources such as Web of Science and applies the method of bibliometrics to illustrate how an assessment is carried out in practice by evaluating the artificial intelligence (AI) knowledge bases in Sydney from 2000 to 2018. The findings are summarized with an illustration of the evolution of the key actors and their activities over time in order to indicate the key strengths and weaknesses in Sydney's AI knowledge among the different bases. Contrary to expectations from the high potential of knowledge spillovers from a general purpose digital technology such as AI, the article shows that apparent knowledge spillovers are yet highly limited in Sydney. Even though Sydney has a strong emerging knowledge base, the realized knowledge base seems weak and the experimental knowledge base is slowly improving. That observation itself verifies the need to take strategic actions to facilitate knowledge spillovers within EEs. After the implications for theory and policy makers are discussed, suggestions for further studies are proposed.     

从发票管理角度看我国当前税收流失状况及改善措施

目前,全球金融危机对我国的影响还未见底。实施积极财政政策扩大内需,增强经济抵抗力和竞争力,确保持续增长是未来的艰巨任务。作为一系列重大举措的支撑力量,税收成为财政工作的关键一环。全面加强征收管理,减少税收流失是确保积极财政政策顺利推行的前提之一。本文围绕我国税收征管工作中的发票管理环节展开,分析了发票管理漏洞使税收流失加剧的现状,并提出了改善发票管理的若干措施。     

外资企业税收负担与FDI规模——基于省级面板数据的分析

本文将外资企业的增值税和企业所得税税负作为主要的解释变量,利用省级面板数据来实证检验其对地区FDI规模的影响,并通过测算相关系数来分析FDI对增值税和企业所得税税负的敏感程度,分析表明：不论是增值税税负还是企业所得税税负,都对地区的FDI规模有较强的负面影响,相比于增值税税负,FDI对企业所得税税负的敏感程度更高。     

Impact of Personal and Situational Factors on Taxpayer Compliance: An Experimental Analysis

This study used a laboratory experiment with monetary incentives to test the impact of three personal factors (moral reasoning, value orientation and risk preference), and three situational factors (the presence/absence of audits, tax inequity, and peer reporting behavior), while controlling for the impact of other demographic characteristics, on tax compliance. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) reveals that all the main effects analyzed are statistically significant and robustly influence tax compliance behavior. These results highlight the importance of obtaining a proper understanding of these factors for developing effective policies for increasing the level of compliance, and indicate that standard enforcement polices based on punishment alone should be supplemented by an information system that would acquaint tax payers with the compliance level of other tax payers; reinforce the concept of fairness of the tax system among tax payers; and develop programs that enhance and appeal to a taxpayer's moral conscience and reinforce social cohesion.     

Optimal taxation and growth with public goods and costly enforcement

This paper studies optimal direct and indirect taxation in an endogenous growth framework with a productive public good and costly tax collection. Optimal (growth-maximizing) tax rules are derived under exogenous collection costs. The optimal direct–indirect tax ratio is shown to be negatively related to the administrative costs of collecting these taxes, as documented in cross-country data. This result also holds under endogenous collection costs (with these costs inversely related to administrative spending on tax enforcement), but for these to generate significant effects on tax collection requires implausibly high degrees of efficiency in spending, or the allocation of a large fraction of resources to tax enforcement. Depending on how it is financed, the latter policy may entail adverse effects on growth. Improving ‘tax culture’ and the sense of civic duty through greater budgetary transparency may be a more effective policy to improve tax collection and promote economic growth.     

物流业营业税制改革设想

现代物流业作为新兴的第三产业,在我国当前社会经济发展中发挥着越来越重要的支撑和引领作用。然而由于现行税制的不完善,在一定程度上阻碍了我国物流业的进一步发展。本文结合物流企业现行营业税制的相关规定,分析其存在的重复课征、税率不一等阻碍物流业发展的诸多问题,提出为物流业减负的营业税制调整和改革的基本设想。