我国绿色食品出口贸易中存在的问题及对策探析

20世纪90年代以来,绿色食品贸易在全球兴起并已成为人类社会可持续发展的必然选择。然而,尽管在国内绿色食品生产日益社会化、市场化、国际化的背景下,我国绿色食品已经呈现出蓬勃发展的良好态势,但出口数量和出口规模还是偏低。本文在分析我国绿色食品出口中存在的问题及原因的基础上,探索相应的对策,以期为我国绿色食品竞争优势的提升提供有益的思路。     

Output decline and the demise of the CMEA and the USSR: The case of Hungary

The direct effect of market losses in CMEA on Hungarian output was 4%, out of the 18% decline registered in gross output in 1988–1992. Total (direct and indirect) effects amounted to 8%. In the same period Hungary's export expansion in western markets led to direct and total effects equivalent to 2.9% and 5.6% of the 1988 output, respectively. The share of reorientation within this switch from east to west was not negligible, it amounted to 19% of respective trade volumes. The 1991 price explosion of imported inputs inhibited the activity of Hungarian firms only moderately, due to earlier realistic domestic prices. In 1991 Hungary suffered a 26% terms of trade loss, and could have experienced an income terms of trade loss of USD 1400 to 1600 million, had the trade volume of 1990 been repeated. Since adjustments in 1991, much smaller income losses accrued. Due to earlier special tax arrangements, much of the burden of terms of trade losses had to be born by the budget.     

Sharing a River

A group of agents located along a river have quasi-linear preferences over water and money. We ask how the water should be allocated and what money transfers should be performed. The core lower bounds require that no coalition should get less than the welfare it could achieve by using the water it controls. The aspiration upper bounds demand that no coalition enjoy a welfare higher than what it could achieve in the absence of the remaining agents. Exactly one welfare distribution satisfies the core lower bounds and the aspiration upper bounds: it is the marginal contribution vector corresponding to the ordering of the agents along the river. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D62, C71.     

An efficient budget allocation policy for decentralisation of responsibility for site decontamination projects

Selection and execution of site decontamination projects is often best left to local authorities, in accordance with the subsidiarity principle, even though the budget for such projects is made available through a central authority. In this paper we suggest a practical budget allocation policy which a central authority can employ to allocate budgets to local authorities, while still optimising the central authority's environmental objective function. The procedure is fully consistent with the principle of decentralisation of responsibility for selection and execution of projects, and requires a minimum information exchange between local and central levels. Despite the information asymmetry between local and central levels, incentive compatibility problems can be (partially) prevented by choosing an appropriate evaluation mechanism. At the same time, the procedure is computationally effective and efficient, and can guarantee a fair budget allocation, making it easy to implement and politically acceptable.     

论"后过渡期"我国境外消费教育服务贸易

当前国际境外消费教育（留学生教育）服务贸易发展迅速，但也呈现出极端的不平衡，国际留学生市场基本上由发达国家垄断。在我国进入“入世后过渡期”阶段，借鉴发达国家经验大力发展境外消费教育服务贸易时应注意：加强质量和特色建设，积极解决留学生费用，针对外国留学生特点进行教学和组织科研，加强教育服务贸易相关问题研究等。     

汇率对产业内贸易的传导和冲击效应——基于中国东盟自由贸易区的分析

本文以中国与东盟六国18类产品的产业内贸易的月度面板数据作为分析基础，通过分析汇率与产业内贸易的传导关系、中国与东盟六国产业内贸易特点，并且建立产业内贸易指数与汇率的VAk模型．对我国的汇率对产业内贸易的冲击作用和动态关系做实证分析。研究发现：一是无论是短期或长期．汇率升值对绝大多数初级产品的产业内贸易是不利的，但在短期内它有助于提升大多数工业制品的产业内贸易水平．长期内对工业制品的产业内贸易冲击效应是分化的。二是汇率升值后长期内对不同劳动密集型产品的产业内贸易发展是一样的。三是无论是短期还是长期，初级产品的产业内贸易对汇率冲击的反应相当微弱．工业制品反应相对较强。     

基于改进遗传算法的生鲜加工配送中心连续选址模型

建立了生鲜加工配送中心选址连续模型，在引入监控算子的基础上，运用改进的遗传算法对模型进行求解。该模型和改进的遗传算法可有效的解决生鲜加工配送中心的选址问题。     

一个基于命名网络的自稳定的选举算法

选举问题是分布式计算中的一个基本问题。它一直受到广泛关注,先后发表了一大批研究论文。但是,现有的研究较少涉及选举算法的自稳定性,已经提出的自稳定选举算法的性能还不能令人满意。针对两个经典的自稳定选举算法———AG算法和DIM算法进行了分析。AG算法适用于命名网络,算法虽然简单,但算法需要假设网络的大小是已知的并且时间复杂度为O(n2),其中n表示网络结点数目。DIM算法虽不需要网络大小假设是已知的,但其时间复杂度仍然需要O(ΔDlogn),其中Δ和D分别表示结点最大的度和树的深度。利用DIM算法的思想,在AG算法的基础上,提出了一个基于命名网络的自稳定选举算法。该算法不需要知道网络的大小,而且时间复杂度为O(δ)(δ为网络直径)。     

具有自动撮合与视频通信的高校就业网站设计

文章针对传统就业网站功能单一、服务起点低、没有充分发挥网络交互通信作用的弊端,提出了一个具有撮合算法和视频通信功能的新型招应聘网络平台的设计,文章介绍了系统的结构、基于模糊向量的撮合算法以及基于对等通信模型的视频功能实现,对同类研究和设计有一定参考作用。     

Explicit filters and supply chain design

Due to the complexity of present day supply chains it is important to select the simplest supply chain scheduling decision support system (DSS) which will determine and place orders satisfactorily. We propose to use a generic design framework, termed the explicit filter methodology, to achieve this objective. In doing so we compare the explicit filter approach to the implicit filter approach utilised in previous OR research the latter focusing on minimising a cost function. Although the eventual results may well be similar with both approaches it is much clearer to the designer, both why and how, an ordering system will reduce the Bullwhip effect via the explicit filter approach. The “explicit filter” approach produces a range of DSS designs corresponding to best practice. These may be “mixed and matched” to generate a number of competitive delivery pipelines to suit the specific business scenario.