未决羁押制度研究

未决羁押制度是各国刑事诉讼活动中普遍适用的剥夺刑事被追诉人人身自由的强制措施,其具体是指有关刑事追诉机关在法院终局判决之前对被追诉人按照刑事诉讼法律相关规定予以羁押的刑事诉讼活动。无论是大陆法系还是英美法系均从保障被追诉人人权角度出发广泛建立了未决羁押制度,以期通过严格的法律程序防止羁押权滥用与保障被追诉人人身自由。然而中国迄今为止没有较完整意又上的未决羁押制度,而且出现了羁押权行使没有独立的司法审查机制介入等问题。因此确有必要对中国的未决羁押制度进行完善,从而实现刑事诉讼程序意义上的保障人权。     

我国区域经济波动的关联性分析

依据所进行的有关计量分析,在研究我国经济总量波动的区域特征以及区域经济波动的关联性问题时,不难得出如下几个方面的基本结论：区域间经济波动的内在关联性增强,但同步性却是减弱的;20世纪90年代前后国内中西部地区与东部地区经济波动的先行地位有着明显的轮替变化;与此同时,全国和各区域经济波动的周期长度延长,波动强度显著下降,且周期扩张动力显著增强。此外,各区域经济波动形态呈同化趋势,区域间周期扩张动力差异的扩大趋势也十分明显。     

收入代际分配结构与我国社会消费倾向——一个基于Diamond模型的社会消费总量模型分析

基于Diamond模型的社会消费总量模型显示收入代际分配结构影响社会消费倾向。产出对消费的影响通过工资和资产收益率两个渠道传递。我国青年人群收入占社会总收入的比重过大,消费对当期产出过度平滑,导致持续下滑的低消费率和国内有效需求不足。发展资本市场可以提高国内有效需求。     

税务管理现代化国际比较及对我国的启示

随着中国经济的快速增长,提高税务管理水平,实现税务管理现代化日益受到关注。本文分析了澳大利亚、美国和日本等先进国家的税务管理特点,论述了世界各个国家税务管理的改革趋势。在此基础上提出了我国税务管理存在的问题,分析国外税务管理给我国带来的启示及我国税务管理现代化的具体举措。     

Why is group-based pay perceived as meaningful,meaningless or negative? Exploring the meanings of pay suggested by reflection theory

This study explored the propositions of the reflection theory of pay [Thierry (2001), Work Motivation in the Context of a Globalizing Economy, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 149–166]. The theory is grounded in theories of individual motivation. However, in a group-based pay context more socially oriented motivational factors may also play a role. In addition, the theory does not take into account that pay may have negative meanings. In this study, we have adopted a qualitative approach to improve the understanding of what meanings group-based pay may have. The research questions were the following: (1) why is group-based result-oriented pay perceived as meaningful, (2) why is group-based result-oriented pay perceived as meaningless and (3) why is group-based result-oriented pay perceived to have a negative meaning. To study the meanings attached to group-based pay, we conducted 29 focus group interviews (88 employees) in six municipal organizations in Finland. The results showed that the reasons for perceiving group-based pay as meaningful were related to the value of money, compensation for performance, the positive messages signalled by the pay and positive outcomes. On the other hand, when pay was perceived as meaningless, the arguments were related to the weak instrumentality of money, weak links between performance and pay, incompatibility and lack of knowledge. The negative meanings were related to negative message conveyed by the pay and its outcomes. When these results were compared with four meanings proposed by reflection theory, all four categories were found in the speech of the interviewees. In addition, two new categories were found and designated as ‘messages’ and ‘outcomes’. These new categories were theoretically linked to social identity theory.     

美国未行使成果转化“介入权”的四个案例

为推动科技成果转化,美国《拜杜法案》规定了"介入权"条款。几十年来,美国出现过4个申请强制科技成果转化的案例,但美国职能部门都认为不满足法律规定的条件,因而没有行使"介入权"。根据"介入权"条款,对Fabrazyme、CellPro、Norvir及Xalatan 4个案例进行了分析和研究,并对"介入权"条款的执行情况进行了评价。美国"介入权"强制成果转化的条款形同虚设,其原因主要有:资助部门认为该条款可能影响研究人员参与政府科技项目的积极性;"介入权"程序较为复杂,调查取证需要较长时间,使之难以实施;所涉及的成果往往不只是获得政府一个部门的资助,还获得其他方面的经费,导致"介入权"的行使更加复杂、困难。     

Volatility in the knowledge economy

Summary. We seek to explain the economic volatility of the last 6 years, in particular the rapid expansion and contraction of the knowledge sectors. Our hypothesis is that these sectors amplify the business cycle due to their increasing returns to scale, growing faster than others in an upswing and contracting faster in a downswing. To test this hypothesis we postulate a general equilibrium model with two sectors: one with increasing returns that are external to the firm and endogenously determined - the knowledge sector - and the other with constant returns to scale. We introduce a new measure of volatility of output, a real beta, and derive a resolving equation, from which we prove that the increasing return sectors exhibit more volatility then other sectors. We validate the main results on US macro economic data of real GDP by industry (2-3 digits SIC codes) of the 1977-2001 period, and provide policy conclusions.Received: 18 March 2002, Revised: 16 February 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D5, D58, E10, L50, L52, O38, O51.Correspondence to: Graciela Chichilnisky     

从“有限理性＋社会人”的模式中恩考反腐倡廉工作——读《转型期防止腐败的综合战略与制度设计》后的思考

中国从计划经济向市场经济转变的过程中出现了政府职能的转变不能及时满足经济发展和社会发展的需要，从而导致了很多问题的出现。而腐败问题尤为突出，解决好了此问题为政府的职能转变将会有很大的推动作用。有很多学者对中国的腐败问题提出了自己的看法，本文对《转型期防止腐败的综合战略与制度设计》提出的对腐败问题的治理办法进行分析，运用西蒙的决策理论和人际学说的社会人的理论，提出用“有限理性＋社会人”的模式补充只重视制度建设来解决腐败问题的不足。     

“限塑令”前后北京大兴城区居民环保意识变化分析

通过问卷调查方式对北京市大兴城区居民在限塑令实施前后环保意识变化进行调查研究,并运用Excel软件进行数据统计分析,了解限塑令的实施对北京市大兴城区居民的影响和意义,并提出相关建议以促使限塑令实施更加有效。     

环境污染侵权责任的认定及损害赔偿

环境污染侵权案件伴随着当代经济高速大规模发展日益增多,我国环境污染侵权责任制度已经建立了较好的基础,但在环境权确立、侵权责任认定以及责任方式与救济途径等方面仍然存在不少问题与缺陷。文章通过对上述问题进行阐述分析,借鉴国外先进理论与制度,提出了相应的对策。