南水北调中线工程几点思考

本文从四个方面对南水北调中线工程进行了思考:①进行费用效益分析可以使决策更加科学化;②将水资源本身价值纳入经济分析之中实属必要;③需水区节水与调水投资效益比较十分重要;④选择合适的调水时间.对南水北调中线工程决策具有参考价值.     

北京饮用水源保护的实践与思考

密云、怀柔水库是北京城市、生活用水的重要水源，饮用水源保护是北京市城市总体建设的重要组成部分，本文通过分析饮用水源保护区的自然、地理、经济条件，回顾总结过去实施饮用水源保护的有效措施，提出了面向21世纪，加大饮用水源保护的具体措施和重点。     

浓缩法处理凉亭山水厂排泥水的研究

黄石市凉亭山水厂生产能力为24万m^3／d，在生产过程中，产生了大量的排泥水。对用浓缩法处理排泥水进行了深入研究，具体包括污泥总量的估算，工艺流程的确定及主要设施的构造设计等。浓缩后的排泥水含固率大于3％，上清液SS小于150mg／L。     

是什么妨碍了中国成为制造强国

我国已成为一个制造业大国，但还不是一个制造业强国。把我国建设成为一个民富国强的国家是几代中国人为之奋斗的理想。中国要成为一个现代化强国，必先成为一个制造业强国。中国制造业专用人力资源短缺，已成为阻碍中国成为制造业强国的一个关键因素。造成人才短缺的原因累积深厚，非一日可除之。必须从大局着眼，全社会重视，继续深化改革，方可消除积弊。     

新型无机高分子混凝剂聚硅硫酸铝的混凝性能

作者对新型无机高分子混凝剂聚硅硫酸铝(PASS)制备的工艺条件进行了研究，制备出性能稳定，效果良好的产品。用该产品对不同水质进行混凝试验，结果表明PASS有良好的混凝效果和广泛的适用范围。     

Inter-basin water transfers under uncertainty: Storage capacity and optimal guaranteed deliveries

This paper deals with water transfers between jurisdictions not claiming riparian rights to the same water source, and taking place through straightforward sales. Taking into account the uncertain nature of water surpluses, we investigate, within a partial equilibrium framework, the implications of a third party's provision of storing facilities upon the potential supplier's decision whether, and to what extent, it is worthwhile to guarantee a constant amount of water exports. The analysis suggests that there exists a minimum storage capacity below which the potential supplier will never find it profitable to divert a constant amount of water outside his boundaries; the greater the uncertainty about future surpluses and/or internal costs due to even occasional water shortages resulting from the water export commitment, the higher the required minimum storage capacity will be. Above this minimum, an increase in the capacity would be better for the surplus agent, but in a situation in which water surplus is expected to decrease over time, increases in storage capacity would make him willing to guarantee a smaller amount of water deliveries.This work has been carried out under the auspices of the European Science Foundation's research program Sharing fresh water resources in the Mediterranean region: An economic perspective. Previous versions have been presented at ESF workshops held at the Universities of Haifa, Padova and Crete. Financial support from MURST (funds 40% — 1992) is gratefully acknowledged. We wish to thank Nunzio Cappuccio, Haluk Akdogan, Karl Mäler, Mordechai Shechter, Naomi Zeitouni, and two anonimous referees for helpful comments. The usual disclaimer applies.     

间歇式自动冲洗水箱的原理和应用

现有公用卫生间的冲洗水箱种类虽多 ,但都存在共同的缺陷 ,结构复杂 ,易损坏 ,使用成本高 ,一旦损坏 ,随即影响到公用卫生间的环境卫生。为此设计出一种利用虹吸原理的间歇式自动冲洗水箱 ,不需人为控制 ,不需动力 ,能达到自动冲洗便坑的效果。整个结构中没有活动零件 ,也就没有易损件 ,最大的特点是不易损坏 ,从某种意义上讲 ,可以说永不损坏。安装方法、使用效果和其他形式一样 ,只有几个零件组成 ,结构比其他类型的自动冲洗水箱简单 ,应用虹吸原理可靠 ,可全为塑料制品 ,生产成本低于同类产品 ,宜于推广应用     

The Global Determinants of Direct Office Real Estate Returns

We investigate the determinants of direct office real estate returns by analyzing rents, capital appraisals, and total returns. A recently compiled global database of major cities in Asia, Europe, and the United States provides a unique opportunity to give a macro-view on the effects of economic growth and supply and demand factors on nominal real estate returns. The global database provides quarterly observations from 1986 to 1999. To address the smoothness problem of appraisal-based price data and regulated rents, we employ the Generalized Method of Moments to estimate a dynamic panel-data model. The model allows us to combine the cross-sectional and time-series dimension in our quarterly data. We find that gross domestic product, inflation, unemployment, vacancy rate, and the available stock all have an effect on real estate returns.     

Development and efficiency of the banking sector in a transitional economy: Hungarian experience

The paper analyzes the experiences and developments of Hungarian banking sector during the transitional process from a centralized economy to a market-oriented system. The paper identifies that early reorganization initiatives, flexible approaches to privatization, and liberal policies towards foreign banks’ involvement with the domestic institutions helped to build a relatively stable and increasingly efficient banking system. Foreign banks and banks with higher foreign bank ownership involvement were associated with lower inefficiency.     

国内金融市场完全开放对国有商业银行的影响

按照入世协定书中的开放时间表,我国在入世5年后也即2006年底将实行金融业的全面开放。本文认为,我国金融市场完全开放将对国内商业银行带来深远影响:一是在政策层面,经济政策、金融政策、配套政策的进一步开放将使金融业的进入门槛降低,从而带来竞争主体的多元和竞争的更加市场化;二是在市场层面,客户的金融知识的普及和客户的议价能力的提高造成客户对银行需求也在不断提高;三是在竞争层面上,竞争主体、竞争模式和竞争手段的改变将使银行业面临更为复杂的竞争局面。为应对上述影响,国有商业银行应根据自身优势,扬长避短,根据不同情况,综合运用不同战略,以期达到持续发展的目标。